Angleški frazni glagoli: 156 pogostih fraznih glagolov s pomeni in primeri

Frazni glagol je glagol s kratko besedico, kot so up, out ali off, ki skupaj ustvarita nov pomen: give up pomeni »nehati poskušati«, look after pa »skrbeti za koga«. Spodaj najdete 156 pogostih angleških fraznih glagolov, razvrščenih po glagolu, s preprostimi pomeni in primeri stavkov, iz katerih se boste zlahka učili.

Za mnoge učence so frazni glagoli najbolj zmeden del angleščine: veste, kaj pomenita »put« in »up«, pa vam »put up with« vseeno nič ne pove. Dobra novica je, da vseh ni treba znati. Potrebujete najpogostejše, v resničnih stavkih, in jih ponavljate dovolj pogosto, da se vam vtisnejo v spomin.

Kaj je frazni glagol?

Frazni glagol (angleško phrasal verb) je glagol, povezan z enim ali dvema členkoma (navadno gre za prislove ali predloge), kot so up, down, in, out, on, off, away, back ali over. Zveza deluje kot ena pomenska enota, njenega pomena pa iz posameznih delov pogosto ni mogoče uganiti.

Primerjajte:

• run: teči.
• run into someone: po naključju srečati koga.
• run out of something: ostati brez česa.

Frazni glagoli so značilni za neformalno, vsakdanjo angleščino. Na sestanku bi o preložitvi odločitve rekli »postpone«, s prijatelji pa preprosto »put it off«.

Zakaj se splača učiti fraznih glagolov?

Ker so povsod, v resničnih pogovorih, filmih in pesmih, večino dela pa opravi majhna skupina med njimi.

V študiji iz leta 2007, ki je temeljila na British National Corpus, sta Dee Gardner in Mark Davies našla 518.923 pojavitev fraznih glagolov. Samo 20 glagolov v kombinaciji z 8 členki je predstavljalo več kot polovico vseh. Zato je seznam spodaj urejen po glagolih: naučite se, kako se get, go, come, take, put in še nekaj drugih povezujejo s svojimi členki, pa boste razumeli večino fraznih glagolov, na katere boste naleteli.

Mnogi frazni glagoli imajo več pomenov, vendar jih ne potrebujete vseh naenkrat. Mélodie Garnier in Norbert Schmitt (2015) sta v svojem seznamu PHaVE List, ki zajema 150 najpogostejših fraznih glagolov, ugotovila, da majhno število ključnih pomenov pokrije več kot 75 % dejanske rabe vsakega od njih. Zato začnite z glavnimi pomeni, kot so tisti spodaj, redkejše pa dodajte pozneje.

Kaj navadno pomenijo členki?

Členki niso naključni. Ko poznate njihove tipične pomene, lažje uganete marsikateri nov frazni glagol:

• up: dokončanje ali povečanje (eat up, fill up, speed up).
• down: zmanjšanje ali ustavitev (slow down, calm down, shut down).
• out: odstranitev, konec ali odkritje (throw out, run out, find out).
• off: ločitev, odhod ali preklic (take off, set off, call off).
• on: nadaljevanje ali začetek (carry on, go on, turn on).
• back: vrnitev (come back, call back, pay back).
• over: ponovitev ali pregled (think over, go over, do over).
• away: odhod ali odstranitev (go away, give away, throw away).

Ločljivi ali neločljivi: kam sodi predmet?

Pri nekaterih fraznih glagolih lahko predmet stoji med glagolom in členkom: »turn off the light« ali »turn the light off«. Takim glagolom pravimo ločljivi. Če je predmet zaimek, mora stati na sredini: »turn it off«, nikoli »turn off it«.

Drugi frazni glagoli so neločljivi: predmet vedno stoji za členkom, kot v »look after the kids« ali »get over a cold«.

V seznamu spodaj something ali someone pokaže, kam sodi predmet. Če stoji na sredini (put something off), je glagol ločljiv. Če stoji na koncu (look after someone), glagola in členka ne ločujte.

Pogosti angleški frazni glagoli s pomeni in primeri

Frazni glagoli z get

• get up: vstati iz postelje po spanju. I get up at seven on weekdays.
• get on: vstopiti na avtobus, vlak ali letalo. We got on the train just before the doors closed.
• get off: izstopiti z avtobusa, vlaka ali letala. Get off at the second stop after the bridge.
• get along with someone: dobro se razumeti s kom. I get along with my new neighbors really well.
• get over something: preboleti bolezen ali razočaranje. It took her months to get over the breakup.
• get back: vrniti se. When did you get back from your trip?
• get by: znajti se z malo denarja ali znanja. My Spanish is basic, but I can get by in shops.
• get away with something: narediti kaj narobe in se izogniti kazni. He cheated on the test and got away with it.
• get out of something: izmuzniti se obveznosti. She tried to get out of washing the dishes.
• get through something: prebroditi ali preživeti kaj težkega. Coffee helps me get through Monday mornings.
• get together: dobiti se, družiti se. Let's get together for lunch next week.
• get around to something: končno najti čas, da kaj naredite. I never got around to reading that book.

Frazni glagoli z go

• go on: nadaljevati, ali dogajati se. Go on, I'm listening. What's going on here?
• go out: iti ven za zabavo, ali ugasniti. We went out for pizza. The candle went out.
• go back: vrniti se na neki kraj. I'd love to go back to Lisbon one day.
• go up: narasti, zvišati se. Rent has gone up again this year.
• go down: pasti, znižati se. Prices usually go down after the holidays.
• go over something: pregledati, natančno preveriti. Let's go over the plan one more time.
• go through something: prestati kaj težkega, ali kaj temeljito pregledati. She went through a hard time last year.
• go ahead: začeti ali nadaljevati, pogosto z dovoljenjem. Can I ask a question? Sure, go ahead.
• go off: nenadoma eksplodirati ali zazvoniti, ali pokvariti se. My alarm went off at six. The milk has gone off.
• go with something: ujemati se s čim, lepo se podati. Does this tie go with my shirt?
• go without something: znajti se brez česa, kar želite ali potrebujete. We went without internet for a week.

Frazni glagoli s come

• come back: vrniti se. Come back soon!
• come up: biti omenjen, ali nepričakovano se zgoditi. Your name came up in the meeting. Something came up, so I'll be late.
• come up with something: domisliti se ideje ali načrta. She came up with a great name for the café.
• come across something: po naključju naleteti na kaj. I came across an old photo of my grandparents.
• come on: spodbuda, naj pohitimo, ali opogumljanje (»dajmo«). Come on, we'll miss the bus!
• come in: vstopiti, priti noter. Please come in and sit down.
• come out: iziti, biti objavljen, ali priti na dan. Her new album comes out on Friday.
• come over: priti na obisk k nekomu domov. Why don't you come over for dinner tonight?
• come down with something: zboleti, staknuti kaj. I think I'm coming down with a cold.
• come along: iti nekam skupaj s kom. We're going to the market. Do you want to come along?

Frazni glagoli s take

• take off: vzleteti (letalo), ali hitro doseči uspeh. The plane took off on time. Her business really took off.
• take something off: sleči oblačilo. Please take your shoes off at the door.
• take something on: sprejeti delo ali odgovornost. I can't take on any more projects this month.
• take up something: začeti s hobijem, ali zavzemati prostor ali čas. He took up yoga last spring. This sofa takes up half the room.
• take over something: prevzeti nadzor nad čim. A bigger company took over the startup.
• take someone out: povabiti koga ven in plačati obrok ali izlet. I took my mom out for her birthday.
• take something back: vrniti kaj v trgovino, ali preklicati svoje besede. I took the jacket back because it was too small.
• take after someone: biti podoben starejšemu družinskemu članu po videzu ali značaju. My son takes after his grandfather. They both love fishing.
• take something in: razumeti in si zapomniti. There was too much information to take in at once.
• take something apart: razstaviti kaj na dele. He took the old clock apart to see how it worked.

Frazni glagoli s put

• put something on: obleči kaj, ali vklopiti. Put a coat on, it's cold. Can you put some music on?
• put something off: preložiti na pozneje. Don't put off your homework until Sunday night.
• put up with something: prenašati kaj neprijetnega. I can't put up with this noise any longer.
• put something out: pogasiti ogenj ali cigareto. The firefighters put out the fire in ten minutes.
• put something away: pospraviti kaj na svoje mesto. Put your toys away before dinner.
• put something down: odložiti kaj, ali zapisati. Put the box down here. Put your name down on the list.
• put something together: sestaviti, zmontirati. It took us two hours to put the bookshelf together.
• put someone up: pustiti koga prenočiti pri sebi. My cousin put me up for a week in Rome.
• put something back: vrniti kaj na prvotno mesto. Please put the book back on the shelf.
• put someone through: telefonsko povezati koga. Hold on, I'll put you through to the manager.

Frazni glagoli z look

• look after someone: skrbeti za koga. My sister looks after our dog when we travel.
• look for something: iskati kaj. I'm looking for my keys. Have you seen them?
• look something up: poiskati informacijo. If you don't know a word, look it up in the dictionary.
• look forward to something: veseliti se česa. I'm looking forward to the summer holidays.
• look into something: raziskati, preučiti zadevo. The company promised to look into my complaint.
• look out: paziti. Look out! There's a car coming.
• look something over: na hitro kaj pregledati. Can you look over my essay before I send it?
• look up to someone: občudovati in spoštovati koga. Many young players look up to her.
• look down on someone: gledati na koga zviška. He looks down on people who don't speak English well.
• look around: razgledati se, raziskati kraj. We have an hour to look around the old town.

Frazni glagoli z give

• give up: obupati, nehati poskušati. Don't give up, you're almost there.
• give something up: opustiti razvado. My dad gave up smoking ten years ago.
• give in: končno popustiti po prejšnjem zavračanju. The kids kept asking, and I finally gave in.
• give something away: podariti zastonj, ali izdati skrivnost. They're giving away free samples. Don't give away the ending!
• give something back: vrniti. Give me back my phone, please.
• give something out: razdeliti kaj več ljudem. The teacher gave out the exam papers.
• give off something: oddajati vonj, toploto ali svetlobo. These flowers give off a lovely smell in the evening.

Frazni glagoli s turn

• turn something on: vklopiti napravo ali luč. Turn on the lights, it's getting dark.
• turn something off: izklopiti napravo ali luč. Don't forget to turn off the oven.
• turn something up: povečati glasnost ali ogrevanje. Can you turn up the radio? I love this song.
• turn something down: utišati, ali zavrniti ponudbo. Please turn the TV down. She turned down the job offer.
• turn into something: spremeniti se v kaj drugega. The small café turned into a popular restaurant.
• turn out: izkazati se, izteči se na določen način. The party turned out better than we expected.
• turn around: obrniti se. Turn around and look at the view!
• turn up: pojaviti se, pogosto nepričakovano. Only five people turned up for the meeting.

Frazni glagoli z make

• make something up: izmisliti si zgodbo ali izgovor. He made up an excuse for being late.
• make up: pobotati se po prepiru. They argued, but they made up the next day.
• make up for something: nadomestiti, popraviti kaj. I bought her flowers to make up for forgetting her birthday.
• make something out: s težavo razločiti, slišati ali razumeti. I couldn't make out what he was saying.

Frazni glagoli s set

• set something up: ustanoviti ali urediti kaj. She set up her own language school last year.
• set off: odpraviti se na pot. We set off early to avoid the traffic.
• set out to do something: lotiti se česa z jasnim ciljem. I set out to learn 1,000 words in three months.
• set someone back: zavreti napredek, ali stati (denar). The injury set him back two months.

Frazni glagoli z bring

• bring someone up: vzgojiti otroka. She was brought up by her grandparents.
• bring something up: načeti temo. Don't bring up politics at dinner.
• bring something back: prinesti kaj nazaj, ali obuditi spomine. This song brings back so many memories.
• bring about something: povzročiti, privesti do česa. The internet brought about huge changes in how we learn.
• bring something in: uvesti novo pravilo ali sistem. The city brought in a new parking rule.
• bring someone down: spraviti koga v slabo voljo. Rainy weather always brings me down.
• bring something along: vzeti kaj s seboj. Bring along a jacket, it may get cold.

Frazni glagoli z break

• break down: pokvariti se (stroj), ali zlomiti se čustveno. Our car broke down on the way to the airport.
• break up: raziti se, končati zvezo. They broke up after five years together.
• break into something: vlomiti kam. Someone broke into the office last night.
• break out: nenadoma izbruhniti (vojna, požar), ali pobegniti. A fire broke out in the kitchen.
• break in: vmešati se v pogovor, ali vlomiti v stavbo. Sorry to break in, but we need to leave now.
• break something off: nenadoma kaj prekiniti. She broke off the conversation and left.

Frazni glagoli z run

• run into someone: po naključju naleteti na koga. I ran into my old teacher at the supermarket.
• run out of something: ostati brez česa, porabiti vse. We've run out of milk.
• run away: na skrivaj pobegniti od nekod. The dog ran away when the door was open.
• run over someone: povoziti koga. Be careful, a car almost ran over my cat.
• run something by someone: predstaviti komu idejo, da slišite njegovo mnenje. Can I run an idea by you?

Frazni glagoli s pick, find, figure in work

• pick something up: dvigniti, pobrati, ali brez truda osvojiti. Can you pick me up at six? She picked up Italian while living in Rome.
• pick something out: izbrati. Help me pick out a gift for my brother.
• pick on someone: vedno znova se spravljati na koga. Stop picking on your little sister.
• find something out: izvedeti informacijo. I need to find out when the store opens.
• figure something out: ugotoviti, razvozlati. I can't figure out how this app works.
• work out: telovaditi, ali dobro se izteči. I work out three times a week. Don't worry, it will all work out.
• work something out: izračunati ali rešiti. We need to work out the total cost of the trip.
• work on something: delati na čem, da bi se izboljšalo. I'm working on my pronunciation.

Frazni glagoli s call in hang

• call something off: odpovedati. They called off the match because of the rain.
• call someone back: poklicati koga nazaj. I'm busy now. Can I call you back?
• call on someone: poklicati koga k besedi, ali na kratko obiskati. The teacher called on me to answer.
• hang up: prekiniti klic, odložiti slušalko. She was so angry that she hung up on me.
• hang out: sproščeno preživljati prosti čas. We usually hang out at the park after school.
• hang on: malo počakati. Hang on, I'll be ready in a minute.

Drugi vsakdanji frazni glagoli

• blow up: eksplodirati, ali nenadoma se razjeziti. The old building was blown up to make space for a park.
• calm down: pomiriti se. Calm down and tell me what happened.
• carry on: nadaljevati. Sorry for interrupting, please carry on.
• catch up with someone: dohiteti koga, ali poklepetati po dolgem času. Let's meet for coffee and catch up.
• check in: prijaviti se v hotelu ali na letališču. We checked in at the hotel at 3 p.m.
• check out: plačati in se odjaviti iz hotela. We have to check out by noon.
• cheer someone up: spraviti koga v boljšo voljo. A phone call from my friend cheered me up.
• count on someone: zanesti se na koga. You can always count on me.
• cut down on something: zmanjšati količino česa. I'm trying to cut down on sugar.
• do someone in: čisto izčrpati koga (pogovorno). That long hike really did me in.
• do something over: narediti kaj znova od začetka. The photo was blurry, so we had to do it over.
• do without something: shajati brez česa. I can't do without my morning coffee.
• drop by: skočiti na kratek obisk brez napovedi. Drop by any time you're in the area.
• drop someone off: odložiti koga z avtom nekje. I'll drop you off at the station.
• end up: na koncu pristati nekje ali v neki situaciji. We got lost and ended up in a tiny village.
• enter into something: uradno skleniti dogovor ali začeti pogovore. The two companies entered into a partnership.
• fall apart: razpasti, ali nehati dobro delovati. My old shoes are falling apart.
• fall behind: zaostajati. I fell behind with my lessons when I was sick.
• fill something in / fill something out: izpolniti obrazec. Please fill out this form and sign at the bottom.
• grow up: odrasti. I grew up in a small town by the sea.
• hold on: počakati, ali se trdno držati. Hold on, let me check my calendar.
• keep up with someone: držati korak s kom. It's hard to keep up with native speakers when they talk fast.
• let someone down: razočarati koga. I promised to help, and I won't let you down.
• log in: prijaviti se na spletno stran ali v aplikacijo. Log in to see your saved words.
• move on: začeti kaj novega, ali pustiti preteklost za sabo. It's time to move on to the next topic.
• pass away: umreti, preminiti (vljudno). Her grandfather passed away last year.
• pay someone back: vrniti komu dolg. I'll pay you back on Friday.
• point something out: opozoriti na kaj. She pointed out a mistake in my email.
• show off: postavljati se, bahati se. He's always showing off his new car.
• show up: priti, pojaviti se. He showed up an hour late.
• sort something out: urediti ali rešiti kaj. We need to sort out the problem with the booking.
• stand for something: predstavljati kaj, ali biti okrajšava za kaj. What does "ASAP" stand for?
• stand out: izstopati, biti opazen. Her bright red coat stood out in the crowd.
• stand up for someone: postaviti se za koga. Always stand up for what you believe in.
• throw something away: vreči kaj v smeti. Don't throw away the receipt.
• try something on: pomeriti oblačilo. Can I try on these jeans?
• wake up: zbuditi se. I woke up at five because of the storm.
• write something down: zapisati si kaj na papir. Write down the new words you hear.

Kako se naučiti fraznih glagolov, da vam ostanejo v spominu

Najbolj primerno za: to, da ta seznam spremenite v besede, ki jih res uporabljate.

1. Učite se jih po nekaj naenkrat. Izberite pet ali deset fraznih glagolov z istim glagolom, na primer get ali put, in se jih učite skupaj.
2. Vedno se jih učite v stavku. Frazni glagol brez stavka hitro pozabite. V stavku vidite njegov pomen in to, kam sodi predmet. Učenje celih stavkov je mimogrede tudi eden od najboljših načinov za izboljšanje besedišča.
3. Bodite pozorni na členek. Vprašajte se, kaj členek doda. »Up« v »eat up« in »fill up« pomeni dokončanje, zato vam bo naslednji glagol z »up« lažji.
4. Poslušajte in ponavljajte. Primere stavkov izgovarjajte na glas in jih poslušajte na poti.
5. Ponavljajte v razmikih. Frazne glagole je lahko zamešati, zato jih ponovite tik preden jih pozabite, v vse daljših razmikih. Kako to narediti, pokaže naš vodnik o urniku razmaknjenega ponavljanja.
6. Uporabljajte jih v pogovoru. Vsakič, ko govorite angleško, poskusite uporabiti dva ali tri nove frazne glagole.

Če šele gradite osnovno besedišče, začnite z najpogostejšimi besedami: 100 najpogostejših angleških besed z izgovorjavo. Frazni glagoli so zgrajeni prav iz teh kratkih, pogostih besed.

Kako vam Lingocard pomaga pri učenju fraznih glagolov

Lingocard je brezplačna aplikacija za kartice, ki zgornje nasvete spremeni v vsakodnevno navado. Na sprednjo stran kartice napišite frazni glagol, na zadnjo pa njegov pomen in primer stavka. Vsako kartico si lahko daste prebrati na glas, tako da besedno zvezo slišite v naravnem stavku, sistem razmaknjenega ponavljanja pa vam vsako kartico pokaže ob pravem času. S paketom Premium lahko celo cel seznam, kot je ta, z enim klikom spremenite v komplet.

Na poti vam predvajalnik zvoka v mobilni aplikaciji Lingocard bere kartice na glas, zato lahko frazne glagole ponavljate med vožnjo v službo. Če pa želite celovit načrt za svojo angleščino, moj vodnik kako se hitro naučiti angleščine pokaže, kako si zgraditi vsakodnevno rutino, na platformi Lingocard pa se lahko učite angleščine na spletu s pripravljenimi kompleti.