Phrasal Verbs na Turanci: Phrasal Verbs 156 da Aka Fi Amfani da Su, tare da Ma'anoni da Misalai

Phrasal verb fi'ili ne tare da ƙaramar kalma kamar up, out ko off, waɗanda tare suke ba da sabuwar ma'ana: give up na nufin daina ƙoƙari, look after kuma na nufin kula da wani. A ƙasa akwai phrasal verbs 156 na Turanci da aka fi amfani da su, an jera su bisa fi'ili, da ma'anoni masu sauƙi da misalan jimloli.

Ga masu koyo da yawa, phrasal verbs ne suka fi rikitarwa a Turanci: kun san ma'anar “put” da “up”, amma “put up with” har yanzu ba ta da ma'ana a gare ku. Albishir shi ne, ba sai kun koyi su duka ba. Kuna buƙatar waɗanda aka fi amfani da su, a cikin jimloli na gaske, kuna yawan maimaita su har su zauna a kai.

Mene ne phrasal verb?

Phrasal verb fi'ili ne da aka haɗa da ƙaramar kalma ɗaya ko biyu (ana kiran su particles), yawanci adverbs ko prepositions kamar up, down, in, out, on, off, away, back ko over. Haɗin yana aiki a matsayin ma'ana ɗaya, kuma sau da yawa ba za a iya hasashen wannan ma'anar daga sassanta ba.

Ku kwatanta:

• run: gudu da ƙafa.
• run into someone: haɗuwa da wani ba zato ba tsammani.
• run out of something: ƙarewar wani abu, har babu sauran komai.

Phrasal verbs sun fi yawa a Turancin hira na yau da kullum. A taron aiki kuna iya “postpone” wani hukunci, amma tare da abokai kuna “put it off”.

Me ya sa ya dace a koyi phrasal verbs?

Saboda suna ko'ina a hira ta gaske, a fina-finai da waƙoƙi, kuma saboda ƙaramin rukuni daga cikinsu ne ke yin yawancin aikin.

A wani bincike na 2007 kan British National Corpus, Dee Gardner da Mark Davies sun ƙidaya phrasal verbs sau 518,923. Fi'ilai 20 kacal tare da ƙananan kalmomi 8 sun ɗauki fiye da rabin waɗannan. Shi ya sa aka jera jerin da ke ƙasa bisa fi'ili: ku koyi yadda get, go, come, take, put da wasu kaɗan ke haɗuwa da ƙananan kalmominsu, za ku fahimci yawancin phrasal verbs da za ku haɗu da su.

Phrasal verbs da yawa suna da ma'anoni da dama, amma ba sai kun koye su duka lokaci ɗaya ba. A cikin PHaVE List ɗinsu na phrasal verbs 150 da aka fi amfani da su, Mélodie Garnier da Norbert Schmitt (2015) sun gano cewa 'yan muhimman ma'anoni kaɗan suna ɗaukar fiye da 75% na yadda ake amfani da kowannensu a zahiri. Don haka ku fara da manyan ma'anoni, kamar waɗanda ke ƙasa, sannan ku ƙara waɗanda ba a cika amfani da su ba daga baya.

Me ƙananan kalmomin (particles) suke nufi yawanci?

Ƙananan kalmomin nan ba a zaɓe su haka kawai ba. Da zarar kun san ma'anoninsu na yau da kullum, sababbin phrasal verbs da yawa za su fi sauƙin hasashe:

• up: kammalawa ko ƙaruwa (eat up, fill up, speed up).
• down: raguwa ko tsayawa (slow down, calm down, shut down).
• out: cirewa, ƙarewa ko ganowa (throw out, run out, find out).
• off: rabuwa, tashi ko sokewa (take off, set off, call off).
• on: ci gaba ko farawa (carry on, go on, turn on).
• back: komawa (come back, call back, pay back).
• over: maimaitawa ko sake dubawa (think over, go over, do over).
• away: tafiya ko kawarwa (go away, give away, throw away).

Mai rabuwa ko marar rabuwa: ina abin aiki (object) yake zuwa?

A wasu phrasal verbs, abin aiki (object) na iya shiga tsakanin fi'ilin da ƙaramar kalmar: “turn off the light” ko “turn the light off”. Ana kiran waɗannan masu rabuwa (separable). Idan abin aikin wakilin suna ne (pronoun), dole ne ya shiga tsakiya: “turn it off”, ba “turn off it” ba.

Wasu phrasal verbs kuma marasa rabuwa ne (inseparable): abin aikin kullum yana zuwa bayan ƙaramar kalmar, kamar a “look after the kids” ko “get over a cold”.

A jerin da ke ƙasa, something ko someone na nuna inda abin aikin yake zuwa. Idan yana tsakiya (put something off), fi'ilin mai rabuwa ne. Idan yana ƙarshe (look after someone), ku bar fi'ilin da ƙaramar kalmar tare.

Phrasal verbs na Turanci da aka fi amfani da su, tare da ma'anoni da misalai

Phrasal verbs da get

• get up: tashi daga gado bayan barci. I get up at seven on weekdays.
• get on: shiga bas, jirgin ƙasa ko jirgin sama. We got on the train just before the doors closed.
• get off: sauka daga bas, jirgin ƙasa ko jirgin sama. Get off at the second stop after the bridge.
• get along with someone: zama lafiya da wani, wato samun kyakkyawar dangantaka. I get along with my new neighbors really well.
• get over something: warkewa daga rashin lafiya ko wani baƙin ciki. It took her months to get over the breakup.
• get back: dawowa. When did you get back from your trip?
• get by: rayuwa da ɗan kuɗi kaɗan ko ilimi kaɗan. My Spanish is basic, but I can get by in shops.
• get away with something: yin laifi ba tare da an hukunta ku ba. He cheated on the test and got away with it.
• get out of something: guje wa wani nauyi da ya rataya a wuyanku. She tried to get out of washing the dishes.
• get through something: gama wani abu mai wahala, ko tsallake shi. Coffee helps me get through Monday mornings.
• get together: haɗuwa don hira ko nishaɗi. Let's get together for lunch next week.
• get around to something: samun lokaci a ƙarshe don yin wani abu. I never got around to reading that book.

Phrasal verbs da go

• go on: ci gaba, ko faruwa. Go on, I'm listening. What's going on here?
• go out: fita waje don nishaɗi, ko mutuwar wuta ko fitila. We went out for pizza. The candle went out.
• go back: komawa wani wuri. I'd love to go back to Lisbon one day.
• go up: ƙaruwa, wato hauhawa. Rent has gone up again this year.
• go down: raguwa, wato sauka. Prices usually go down after the holidays.
• go over something: sake dubawa, ko duba da kyau. Let's go over the plan one more time.
• go through something: fuskantar wani abu mai wahala, ko bincika wani abu. She went through a hard time last year.
• go ahead: farawa ko ci gaba, sau da yawa da izini. Can I ask a question? Sure, go ahead.
• go off: fashewa ko yin ƙara kwatsam, ko lalacewar abinci. My alarm went off at six. The milk has gone off.
• go with something: dacewa da wani abu, ko yin kyau tare. Does this tie go with my shirt?
• go without something: rayuwa ba tare da abin da kuke so ko kuke buƙata ba. We went without internet for a week.

Phrasal verbs da come

• come back: dawowa. Come back soon!
• come up: a ambata, ko faruwa ba zato ba tsammani. Your name came up in the meeting. Something came up, so I'll be late.
• come up with something: fito da wani ra'ayi ko tsari. She came up with a great name for the café.
• come across something: cin karo da wani abu ba zato ba tsammani. I came across an old photo of my grandparents.
• come on: kalmar gaggautawa, ko ta ƙarfafa gwiwa. Come on, we'll miss the bus!
• come in: shigowa. Please come in and sit down.
• come out: fitowar littafi, waƙa ko fim, ko bayyanar wani abu. Her new album comes out on Friday.
• come over: kai ziyara gidan wani. Why don't you come over for dinner tonight?
• come down with something: kamuwa da rashin lafiya. I think I'm coming down with a cold.
• come along: rakiyar wani zuwa wani wuri. We're going to the market. Do you want to come along?

Phrasal verbs da take

• take off: tashin jirgin sama, ko samun nasara cikin sauri. The plane took off on time. Her business really took off.
• take something off: cire tufafi. Please take your shoes off at the door.
• take something on: karɓar aiki ko nauyi. I can't take on any more projects this month.
• take up something: fara wani abin sha'awa, ko ɗaukar wuri ko lokaci. He took up yoga last spring. This sofa takes up half the room.
• take over something: karɓe iko. A bigger company took over the startup.
• take someone out: gayyatar wani ku biya masa abinci ko fita. I took my mom out for her birthday.
• take something back: mayar da abu kanti, ko janye maganar da kuka faɗa. I took the jacket back because it was too small.
• take after someone: kama ko yin hali irin na wani babba a cikin iyali. My son takes after his grandfather. They both love fishing.
• take something in: fahimta da kuma riƙewa a kai. There was too much information to take in at once.
• take something apart: warware abu zuwa sassa. He took the old clock apart to see how it worked.

Phrasal verbs da put

• put something on: sanya tufafi, ko kunna wani abu. Put a coat on, it's cold. Can you put some music on?
• put something off: ɗage wani abu zuwa wani lokaci. Don't put off your homework until Sunday night.
• put up with something: jure wani abu mara daɗi. I can't put up with this noise any longer.
• put something out: kashe wuta ko sigari. The firefighters put out the fire in ten minutes.
• put something away: mayar da abu wurinsa. Put your toys away before dinner.
• put something down: ajiye abu a kan wani wuri, ko rubuta shi. Put the box down here. Put your name down on the list.
• put something together: haɗa sassa wuri ɗaya. It took us two hours to put the bookshelf together.
• put someone up: bai wa wani masauki a gidanku. My cousin put me up for a week in Rome.
• put something back: mayar da abu inda yake a da. Please put the book back on the shelf.
• put someone through: haɗa wani da wani ta waya. Hold on, I'll put you through to the manager.

Phrasal verbs da look

• look after someone: kula da wani. My sister looks after our dog when we travel.
• look for something: neman wani abu. I'm looking for my keys. Have you seen them?
• look something up: neman bayani, misali a ƙamus. If you don't know a word, look it up in the dictionary.
• look forward to something: jin daɗin wani abu da ke tafe. I'm looking forward to the summer holidays.
• look into something: bincika wani al'amari. The company promised to look into my complaint.
• look out: yin hattara. Look out! There's a car coming.
• look something over: duba abu da sauri. Can you look over my essay before I send it?
• look up to someone: sha'awa da girmama wani. Many young players look up to her.
• look down on someone: ɗaukar kanku fiye da wani, wato raina shi. He looks down on people who don't speak English well.
• look around: zagaya wani wuri don gani. We have an hour to look around the old town.

Phrasal verbs da give

• give up: daina ƙoƙari. Don't give up, you're almost there.
• give something up: barin wata ɗabi'a. My dad gave up smoking ten years ago.
• give in: yarda a ƙarshe bayan an ƙi. The kids kept asking, and I finally gave in.
• give something away: bayar da abu kyauta, ko tona asiri. They're giving away free samples. Don't give away the ending!
• give something back: mayar da abu. Give me back my phone, please.
• give something out: raba wa mutane da yawa. The teacher gave out the exam papers.
• give off something: fitar da ƙamshi, zafi ko haske. These flowers give off a lovely smell in the evening.

Phrasal verbs da turn

• turn something on: kunna na'ura ko fitila. Turn on the lights, it's getting dark.
• turn something off: kashe na'ura ko fitila. Don't forget to turn off the oven.
• turn something up: ƙara sauti ko zafi. Can you turn up the radio? I love this song.
• turn something down: rage sauti, ko ƙin karɓar tayi. Please turn the TV down. She turned down the job offer.
• turn into something: rikiɗewa zuwa wani abu daban. The small café turned into a popular restaurant.
• turn out: ƙarewa da wani sakamako. The party turned out better than we expected.
• turn around: juyawa zuwa ɗaya ɓangaren. Turn around and look at the view!
• turn up: isowa, sau da yawa ba zato ba tsammani. Only five people turned up for the meeting.

Phrasal verbs da make

• make something up: ƙirƙiri labari ko uzuri. He made up an excuse for being late.
• make up: shirya bayan faɗa, wato sulhu. They argued, but they made up the next day.
• make up for something: rama wani abu. I bought her flowers to make up for forgetting her birthday.
• make something out: gani, ji ko fahimta da ƙyar. I couldn't make out what he was saying.

Phrasal verbs da set

• set something up: kafa ko shirya wani abu. She set up her own language school last year.
• set off: kama hanya, wato fara tafiya. We set off early to avoid the traffic.
• set out to do something: farawa da takamaiman buri. I set out to learn 1,000 words in three months.
• set someone back: jinkirta ci gaban wani, ko ci masa kuɗi. The injury set him back two months.

Phrasal verbs da bring

• bring someone up: rainon yaro. She was brought up by her grandparents.
• bring something up: tayar da wani batu a magana. Don't bring up politics at dinner.
• bring something back: dawo da wani abu, ko tuna da shi. This song brings back so many memories.
• bring about something: haddasa wani abu. The internet brought about huge changes in how we learn.
• bring something in: kawo sabuwar doka ko tsari. The city brought in a new parking rule.
• bring someone down: sa wani baƙin ciki. Rainy weather always brings me down.
• bring something along: tafiya da wani abu tare da ku. Bring along a jacket, it may get cold.

Phrasal verbs da break

• break down: lalacewar na'ura, ko kasa riƙe zuciya. Our car broke down on the way to the airport.
• break up: rabuwar masoya, wato ƙarshen dangantaka. They broke up after five years together.
• break into something: kutsa kai wani wuri da ƙarfi. Someone broke into the office last night.
• break out: ɓarkewa kwatsam, kamar yaƙi ko gobara, ko tserewa. A fire broke out in the kitchen.
• break in: katse magana, ko shiga gini da ƙarfi. Sorry to break in, but we need to leave now.
• break something off: kawo ƙarshen wani abu kwatsam. She broke off the conversation and left.

Phrasal verbs da run

• run into someone: haɗuwa da wani ba zato ba tsammani. I ran into my old teacher at the supermarket.
• run out of something: ƙarewar wani abu, har babu sauran komai. We've run out of milk.
• run away: guduwa daga wani wuri a ɓoye. The dog ran away when the door was open.
• run over someone: bige wani da abin hawa. Be careful, a car almost ran over my cat.
• run something by someone: faɗa wa wani ra'ayinku don jin shawararsa. Can I run an idea by you?

Phrasal verbs da pick, find, figure da work

• pick something up: ɗaga abu, ɗauko wani, ko koyon abu ba tare da wahala ba. Can you pick me up at six? She picked up Italian while living in Rome.
• pick something out: zaɓa. Help me pick out a gift for my brother.
• pick on someone: tsangwamar wani akai-akai. Stop picking on your little sister.
• find something out: gano wani bayani. I need to find out when the store opens.
• figure something out: fahimta ko warware wani abu. I can't figure out how this app works.
• work out: motsa jiki, ko ƙarewa lafiya. I work out three times a week. Don't worry, it will all work out.
• work something out: lissafa ko warware wani abu. We need to work out the total cost of the trip.
• work on something: ba da lokaci don inganta wani abu. I'm working on my pronunciation.

Phrasal verbs da call da hang

• call something off: soke wani abu. They called off the match because of the rain.
• call someone back: kiran wani da ya kira ku. I'm busy now. Can I call you back?
• call on someone: roƙon wani ya yi magana, ko kai masa ɗan gajeren ziyara. The teacher called on me to answer.
• hang up: katse kiran waya. She was so angry that she hung up on me.
• hang out: shaƙatawa a lokacin hutu. We usually hang out at the park after school.
• hang on: jira na ɗan lokaci. Hang on, I'll be ready in a minute.

Sauran phrasal verbs na yau da kullum

• blow up: fashewa, ko fusata kwatsam. The old building was blown up to make space for a park.
• calm down: huce, wato rage fushi ko damuwa. Calm down and tell me what happened.
• carry on: ci gaba. Sorry for interrupting, please carry on.
• catch up with someone: cim ma wani da ke gaba, ko hira bayan dogon lokaci. Let's meet for coffee and catch up.
• check in: yin rajista a otal ko a filin jirgin sama. We checked in at the hotel at 3 p.m.
• check out: biyan kuɗi da barin otal. We have to check out by noon.
• cheer someone up: faranta ran wani. A phone call from my friend cheered me up.
• count on someone: dogara da wani. You can always count on me.
• cut down on something: rage yawan wani abu. I'm trying to cut down on sugar.
• do someone in: gajiyar da wani sosai (magana ta hira). That long hike really did me in.
• do something over: sake yin abu daga farko. The photo was blurry, so we had to do it over.
• do without something: rayuwa ba tare da wani abu ba. I can't do without my morning coffee.
• drop by: kai ɗan ziyara ba tare da shiri ba. Drop by any time you're in the area.
• drop someone off: kai wani wani wuri da mota ku bar shi a can. I'll drop you off at the station.
• end up: ƙarewa a wani wuri ko yanayi. We got lost and ended up in a tiny village.
• enter into something: shiga yarjejeniya ko tattaunawa a hukumance. The two companies entered into a partnership.
• fall apart: tarwatsewa, ko daina aiki da kyau. My old shoes are falling apart.
• fall behind: kasa tafiya daidai da sauran, har a bar ku a baya. I fell behind with my lessons when I was sick.
• fill something in / fill something out: cike fom. Please fill out this form and sign at the bottom.
• grow up: girma har zama babba. I grew up in a small town by the sea.
• hold on: jira, ko riƙe abu da ƙarfi. Hold on, let me check my calendar.
• keep up with someone: tafiya ko koyo daidai da saurin wani. It's hard to keep up with native speakers when they talk fast.
• let someone down: ba wa wani kunya, ko kasa cika alkawari. I promised to help, and I won't let you down.
• log in: shiga shafi ko manhaja da asusunku. Log in to see your saved words.
• move on: fara sabon abu, ko daina tunanin abin da ya wuce. It's time to move on to the next topic.
• pass away: rasuwa (magana mai ladabi). Her grandfather passed away last year.
• pay someone back: biyan bashin da kuke bin wani. I'll pay you back on Friday.
• point something out: ja hankali zuwa wani abu. She pointed out a mistake in my email.
• show off: yin fariya don burge wasu. He's always showing off his new car.
• show up: isowa, wato bayyana. He showed up an hour late.
• sort something out: tsara ko warware wani abu. We need to sort out the problem with the booking.
• stand for something: wakiltar wani abu, ko kasancewa gajartawarsa. What does "ASAP" stand for?
• stand out: fitowa fili, wato a gan ku da sauƙi. Her bright red coat stood out in the crowd.
• stand up for someone: kare ko goyon bayan wani. Always stand up for what you believe in.
• throw something away: jefar da abu a kwandon shara. Don't throw away the receipt.
• try something on: gwada tufafi don ganin ko sun yi daidai da ku. Can I try on these jeans?
• wake up: farkawa daga barci. I woke up at five because of the storm.
• write something down: rubuta wani abu a takarda. Write down the new words you hear.

Yadda ake koyon phrasal verbs har su zauna a kai

Ya fi dacewa da: mayar da wannan jerin zuwa kalmomin da za ku iya amfani da su a zahiri.

1. Ku koyi kaɗan a lokaci ɗaya. Ku zaɓi phrasal verbs biyar ko goma masu fi'ili ɗaya, kamar get ko put, ku koye su tare.
2. Kullum ku koye su a cikin jimla. Phrasal verb shi kaɗai yana saurin mantuwa. A cikin jimla, kuna ganin ma'anarsa da inda abin aiki ke zuwa. Koyon cikakkun jimloli ma ɗaya ne daga cikin hanyoyi mafi kyau na inganta ƙamus.
3. Ku lura da ƙaramar kalmar. Ku tambayi kanku me ƙaramar kalmar ke ƙarawa. “Up” a cikin “eat up” da “fill up” na nufin kammalawa, kuma hakan na sa fi'ili na gaba mai “up” ya fi sauƙi.
4. Ku saurara ku maimaita. Ku faɗi misalan jimlolin da babbar murya, ku kuma saurare su a hanya.
5. Ku yi bita da maimaitawa mai tazara. Phrasal verbs suna saurin rikicewa, don haka ku yi bitarsu daidai kafin ku manta da su, a tazarar da ke ƙara tsawo. Jagoranmu kan jadawalin maimaitawa mai tazara ya nuna yadda ake yi.
6. Ku yi amfani da su a hira. Ku yi ƙoƙarin amfani da sababbin phrasal verbs biyu ko uku duk lokacin da kuke magana da Turanci.

Idan har yanzu kuna gina ƙamus ɗinku na asali, ku fara da kalmomin da aka fi amfani da su tukuna: Kalmomi 100 da aka fi amfani da su a harshen Turanci. Daga daidai waɗannan gajerun kalmomi na yau da kullum ake gina phrasal verbs.

Yadda Lingocard ke taimaka muku koyon phrasal verbs

Lingocard manhajar katunan koyo kyauta ce wadda ke mayar da shawarwarin da ke sama zuwa al'ada ta yau da kullum. Ku sa kowane phrasal verb a gaban kati, ma'anarsa da misalin jimlarsa kuma a baya. Ana iya karanta kowane kati da babbar murya, don haka kuna jin kalmar a cikin jimla ta halitta, kuma tsarin maimaitawa mai tazara yana dawo da kowane kati a daidai lokacin da ya dace. Da Premium Learning, kuna iya ma mayar da duk wani jeri kamar wannan zuwa tarin katuna da danna ɗaya.

A hanya, na'urar sauti a cikin manhajar wayar hannu ta Lingocard tana karanta katunanku da babbar murya, don haka kuna iya bitar phrasal verbs yayin tafiya zuwa aiki. Idan kuma kuna son cikakken tsari na Turancinku, jagorana kan yadda ake koyon Turanci da sauri ya nuna yadda za ku gina al'ada ta kullum, kuma kuna iya koyon Turanci ta yanar gizo da tarin katuna da aka shirya a dandalin Lingocard.