Inglizcha frazeologik feʼllar: maʼnolari va misollari bilan eng koʻp ishlatiladigan 156 ta feʼl

Frazeologik feʼl bu feʼlga up, out yoki off kabi kichik soʻz qoʻshilib, yangi maʼno hosil qiladigan birikma: give up «voz kechmoq», look after esa «gʻamxoʻrlik qilmoq» degani. Quyida feʼllar boʻyicha guruhlangan, sodda maʼnolari va misol gaplari bilan eng koʻp ishlatiladigan 156 ta inglizcha frazeologik feʼlni topasiz.

Koʻp oʻrganuvchilar uchun frazeologik feʼllar ingliz tilining eng chalkash qismi: «put» va «up» nimani anglatishini bilasiz, lekin «put up with» baribir tushunarsiz. Yaxshi xabar shuki, ularning hammasini oʻrganish shart emas. Sizga eng koʻp ishlatiladiganlari kerak, yana haqiqiy gaplar ichida va esda qolguncha tez-tez takrorlangan holda.

Frazeologik feʼl nima?

Frazeologik feʼl (inglizcha phrasal verb) bu bir yoki ikkita yordamchi soʻz bilan birikkan feʼl. Bu yordamchi soʻzlar odatda up, down, in, out, on, off, away, back yoki over kabi ravishlar yoki predloglardir. Birikma yagona maʼno birligi sifatida ishlaydi va bu maʼnoni qismlaridan taxmin qilish koʻpincha imkonsiz.

Solishtiring:

• run: piyoda tez harakatlanmoq, yugurmoq.
• run into someone: kimnidir tasodifan uchratib qolmoq.
• run out of something: biror narsa tugab qolmoq.

Frazeologik feʼllar norasmiy, kundalik ingliz tiliga xos. Majlisda qarorni «postpone» qilishingiz mumkin, lekin doʻstlar orasida «put it off» deysiz.

Frazeologik feʼllarni oʻrganishga nega arziydi?

Chunki ular jonli suhbatda, filmlarda va qoʻshiqlarda hamma joyda uchraydi, ishning katta qismini esa kichik bir guruh bajaradi.

Dee Gardner va Mark Davies 2007-yilda British National Corpus asosida oʻtkazgan tadqiqotida 518 923 ta frazeologik feʼl qoʻllanishini aniqlagan. Ularning yarmidan koʻpini 8 ta yordamchi soʻz bilan birikkan atigi 20 ta feʼl tashkil qilgan. Shuning uchun quyidagi roʻyxat feʼllar boʻyicha tuzilgan: get, go, come, take, put va yana bir nechta feʼl yordamchi soʻzlar bilan qanday birikishini oʻrgansangiz, uchratgan frazeologik feʼllaringizning aksariyatini tushunasiz.

Koʻp frazeologik feʼllarning bir nechta maʼnosi bor, lekin hammasi birdaniga kerak emas. Mélodie Garnier va Norbert Schmitt (2015) eng koʻp ishlatiladigan 150 ta frazeologik feʼldan iborat PHaVE List roʻyxatida oz sonli asosiy maʼnolar har birining real qoʻllanishining 75 foizidan koʻprogʻini qamrab olishini aniqlagan. Shuning uchun quyidagilar kabi asosiy maʼnolardan boshlang, kam uchraydiganlarini keyinroq qoʻshing.

Yordamchi soʻzlar odatda nimani bildiradi?

Yordamchi soʻzlar tasodifiy emas. Ularning odatiy maʼnolarini bilsangiz, koʻp yangi frazeologik feʼllarni taxmin qilish osonlashadi:

• up: tugallanish yoki koʻpayish (eat up, fill up, speed up).
• down: kamayish yoki toʻxtash (slow down, calm down, shut down).
• out: chiqarish, tugash yoki kashf qilish (throw out, run out, find out).
• off: ajralish, joʻnab ketish yoki bekor qilish (take off, set off, call off).
• on: davom etish yoki boshlash (carry on, go on, turn on).
• back: qaytish (come back, call back, pay back).
• over: takrorlash yoki koʻzdan kechirish (think over, go over, do over).
• away: uzoqlashish yoki yoʻqotish (go away, give away, throw away).

Ajraladigan yoki ajralmaydigan: toʻldiruvchi qayerda turadi?

Baʼzi frazeologik feʼllarda toʻldiruvchi feʼl bilan yordamchi soʻz orasiga tushishi mumkin: «turn off the light» yoki «turn the light off». Bular ajraladigan feʼllar deyiladi. Agar toʻldiruvchi olmosh boʻlsa, u albatta oʻrtada turadi: «turn it off» toʻgʻri, «turn off it» esa hech qachon.

Boshqa frazeologik feʼllar ajralmaydi: toʻldiruvchi doim yordamchi soʻzdan keyin keladi, masalan, «look after the kids» yoki «get over a cold».

Quyidagi roʻyxatda something yoki someone toʻldiruvchi qayerda turishini koʻrsatadi. Agar u oʻrtada boʻlsa (put something off), feʼl ajraladigan. Agar oxirida boʻlsa (look after someone), feʼl va yordamchi soʻzni birga saqlang.

Eng koʻp ishlatiladigan inglizcha frazeologik feʼllar: maʼnolari va misollari

get bilan frazeologik feʼllar

• get up: uyqudan keyin oʻrindan turmoq. I get up at seven on weekdays.
• get on: avtobus, poyezd yoki samolyotga chiqmoq. We got on the train just before the doors closed.
• get off: avtobus, poyezd yoki samolyotdan tushmoq. Get off at the second stop after the bridge.
• get along with someone: kimdir bilan yaxshi chiqishmoq. I get along with my new neighbors really well.
• get over something: kasallik yoki hafsalasi pir boʻlganidan keyin oʻziga kelmoq. It took her months to get over the breakup.
• get back: qaytib kelmoq. When did you get back from your trip?
• get by: oz pul yoki oz bilim bilan eplab ketmoq. My Spanish is basic, but I can get by in shops.
• get away with something: nojoʻya ish qilib, jazosiz qolmoq. He cheated on the test and got away with it.
• get out of something: biror majburiyatdan qochmoq, boʻyin tovlamoq. She tried to get out of washing the dishes.
• get through something: qiyin narsani tugatmoq yoki undan omon chiqmoq. Coffee helps me get through Monday mornings.
• get together: uchrashmoq, bir joyga yigʻilmoq. Let's get together for lunch next week.
• get around to something: nihoyat biror ishga vaqt topmoq. I never got around to reading that book.

go bilan frazeologik feʼllar

• go on: davom etmoq yoki sodir boʻlmoq. Go on, I'm listening. What's going on here?
• go out: dam olish uchun tashqariga chiqmoq yoki (olov, chiroq) oʻchmoq. We went out for pizza. The candle went out.
• go back: biror joyga qaytmoq. I'd love to go back to Lisbon one day.
• go up: oshmoq, koʻtarilmoq. Rent has gone up again this year.
• go down: kamaymoq, tushmoq. Prices usually go down after the holidays.
• go over something: diqqat bilan koʻrib chiqmoq, tekshirmoq. Let's go over the plan one more time.
• go through something: qiyin narsani boshdan kechirmoq yoki biror narsani koʻzdan kechirmoq. She went through a hard time last year.
• go ahead: koʻpincha ruxsat bilan boshlamoq yoki davom etmoq. Can I ask a question? Sure, go ahead.
• go off: portlamoq, birdan jiringlamoq yoki (ovqat) buzilmoq. My alarm went off at six. The milk has gone off.
• go with something: biror narsaga mos kelmoq, yarashmoq. Does this tie go with my shirt?
• go without something: kerakli yoki istalgan narsasiz kun koʻrmoq. We went without internet for a week.

come bilan frazeologik feʼllar

• come back: qaytib kelmoq. Come back soon!
• come up: tilga olinmoq yoki kutilmaganda chiqib qolmoq. Your name came up in the meeting. Something came up, so I'll be late.
• come up with something: gʻoya yoki reja oʻylab topmoq. She came up with a great name for the café.
• come across something: tasodifan duch kelmoq. I came across an old photo of my grandparents.
• come on: shoshiltirish yoki ruhlantirish uchun «qani», «tezroq». Come on, we'll miss the bus!
• come in: ichkariga kirmoq. Please come in and sit down.
• come out: nashr etilmoq, chiqmoq yoki maʼlum boʻlib qolmoq. Her new album comes out on Friday.
• come over: birovnikiga mehmonga kelmoq. Why don't you come over for dinner tonight?
• come down with something: kasal boʻlib qolmoq. I think I'm coming down with a cold.
• come along: kimdir bilan birga bormoq. We're going to the market. Do you want to come along?

take bilan frazeologik feʼllar

• take off: (samolyot) havoga koʻtarilmoq yoki tez muvaffaqiyat qozonmoq. The plane took off on time. Her business really took off.
• take something off: kiyimni yechmoq. Please take your shoes off at the door.
• take something on: ish yoki masʼuliyatni zimmasiga olmoq. I can't take on any more projects this month.
• take up something: biror mashgʻulotni boshlamoq yoki joy, vaqtni egallamoq. He took up yoga last spring. This sofa takes up half the room.
• take over something: nazoratni qoʻlga olmoq. A bigger company took over the startup.
• take someone out: kimnidir taklif qilib, ovqat yoki sayohat pulini toʻlamoq. I took my mom out for her birthday.
• take something back: narsani doʻkonga qaytarmoq yoki aytgan gapini qaytarib olmoq. I took the jacket back because it was too small.
• take after someone: oiladagi kattalardan biriga koʻrinishi yoki xulqi bilan oʻxshamoq. My son takes after his grandfather. They both love fishing.
• take something in: tushunmoq va esda saqlamoq. There was too much information to take in at once.
• take something apart: qismlarga ajratmoq. He took the old clock apart to see how it worked.

put bilan frazeologik feʼllar

• put something on: biror narsani kiymoq yoki (musiqa, qurilma) qoʻymoq, yoqmoq. Put a coat on, it's cold. Can you put some music on?
• put something off: keyinga qoldirmoq. Don't put off your homework until Sunday night.
• put up with something: yoqimsiz narsaga chidamoq. I can't put up with this noise any longer.
• put something out: olov yoki sigaretni oʻchirmoq. The firefighters put out the fire in ten minutes.
• put something away: narsani joyiga yigʻishtirib qoʻymoq. Put your toys away before dinner.
• put something down: biror yuzaga qoʻymoq yoki yozib qoʻymoq. Put the box down here. Put your name down on the list.
• put something together: yigʻmoq, montaj qilmoq. It took us two hours to put the bookshelf together.
• put someone up: kimnidir uyida yotqizib, mehmon qilmoq. My cousin put me up for a week in Rome.
• put something back: narsani avvalgi joyiga qaytarib qoʻymoq. Please put the book back on the shelf.
• put someone through: telefonda kerakli odamga ulamoq. Hold on, I'll put you through to the manager.

look bilan frazeologik feʼllar

• look after someone: gʻamxoʻrlik qilmoq, qaramoq. My sister looks after our dog when we travel.
• look for something: izlamoq, qidirmoq. I'm looking for my keys. Have you seen them?
• look something up: maʼlumot qidirmoq, lugʻatdan qaramoq. If you don't know a word, look it up in the dictionary.
• look forward to something: kelajakdagi narsani intiqlik bilan kutmoq. I'm looking forward to the summer holidays.
• look into something: tekshirmoq, oʻrganib chiqmoq. The company promised to look into my complaint.
• look out: ehtiyot boʻlmoq. Look out! There's a car coming.
• look something over: tezda koʻzdan kechirmoq. Can you look over my essay before I send it?
• look up to someone: kimnidir hurmat qilmoq va unga havas qilmoq. Many young players look up to her.
• look down on someone: kimgadir past nazar bilan qaramoq. He looks down on people who don't speak English well.
• look around: biror joyni aylanib koʻrmoq. We have an hour to look around the old town.

give bilan frazeologik feʼllar

• give up: taslim boʻlmoq, voz kechmoq. Don't give up, you're almost there.
• give something up: odatni tashlamoq. My dad gave up smoking ten years ago.
• give in: avval rad etib, oxiri koʻnmoq. The kids kept asking, and I finally gave in.
• give something away: tekin bermoq yoki sirni oshkor qilmoq. They're giving away free samples. Don't give away the ending!
• give something back: qaytarib bermoq. Give me back my phone, please.
• give something out: koʻp odamga tarqatmoq. The teacher gave out the exam papers.
• give off something: hid, issiqlik yoki yorugʻlik chiqarmoq. These flowers give off a lovely smell in the evening.

turn bilan frazeologik feʼllar

• turn something on: qurilma yoki chiroqni yoqmoq. Turn on the lights, it's getting dark.
• turn something off: qurilma yoki chiroqni oʻchirmoq. Don't forget to turn off the oven.
• turn something up: ovoz yoki issiqlikni oshirmoq. Can you turn up the radio? I love this song.
• turn something down: ovozni pasaytirmoq yoki taklifni rad etmoq. Please turn the TV down. She turned down the job offer.
• turn into something: boshqa narsaga aylanmoq. The small café turned into a popular restaurant.
• turn out: maʼlum natija bilan tugamoq. The party turned out better than we expected.
• turn around: orqaga oʻgirilmoq. Turn around and look at the view!
• turn up: koʻpincha kutilmaganda kelmoq, paydo boʻlmoq. Only five people turned up for the meeting.

make bilan frazeologik feʼllar

• make something up: hikoya yoki bahona toʻqimoq. He made up an excuse for being late.
• make up: janjaldan keyin yarashmoq. They argued, but they made up the next day.
• make up for something: oʻrnini qoplamoq. I bought her flowers to make up for forgetting her birthday.
• make something out: biror narsani qiyinchilik bilan koʻrmoq, eshitmoq yoki tushunmoq. I couldn't make out what he was saying.

set bilan frazeologik feʼllar

• set something up: biror narsa tashkil qilmoq, yoʻlga qoʻymoq. She set up her own language school last year.
• set off: yoʻlga chiqmoq. We set off early to avoid the traffic.
• set out to do something: aniq maqsad bilan kirishmoq. I set out to learn 1,000 words in three months.
• set someone back: rivojlanishni orqaga surmoq yoki kimgadir qimmatga tushmoq. The injury set him back two months.

bring bilan frazeologik feʼllar

• bring someone up: bolani tarbiyalab oʻstirmoq. She was brought up by her grandparents.
• bring something up: biror mavzuni gapga olib kirmoq. Don't bring up politics at dinner.
• bring something back: biror narsani qaytarib olib kelmoq yoki eslatmoq. This song brings back so many memories.
• bring about something: biror narsaga sabab boʻlmoq. The internet brought about huge changes in how we learn.
• bring something in: yangi qoida yoki tizimni joriy qilmoq. The city brought in a new parking rule.
• bring someone down: kimningdir kayfiyatini tushirmoq. Rainy weather always brings me down.
• bring something along: biror narsani oʻzi bilan olib kelmoq. Bring along a jacket, it may get cold.

break bilan frazeologik feʼllar

• break down: (mashina) buzilmoq yoki oʻzini tutolmay qolmoq. Our car broke down on the way to the airport.
• break up: munosabatni tugatmoq, ajrashmoq. They broke up after five years together.
• break into something: zoʻrlab kirmoq. Someone broke into the office last night.
• break out: (urush, yongʻin) birdan boshlanmoq yoki qochib ketmoq. A fire broke out in the kitchen.
• break in: gapni boʻlmoq yoki binoga zoʻrlab kirmoq. Sorry to break in, but we need to leave now.
• break something off: birdan toʻxtatmoq, uzmoq. She broke off the conversation and left.

run bilan frazeologik feʼllar

• run into someone: tasodifan uchratib qolmoq. I ran into my old teacher at the supermarket.
• run out of something: tugab qolmoq. We've run out of milk.
• run away: biror joydan yashirincha qochib ketmoq. The dog ran away when the door was open.
• run over someone: transport bilan urib yubormoq, bosib ketmoq. Be careful, a car almost ran over my cat.
• run something by someone: fikrini bilish uchun kimgadir gʻoyani aytib bermoq. Can I run an idea by you?

pick, find, figure va work bilan frazeologik feʼllar

• pick something up: koʻtarmoq, olib ketmoq yoki qiynalmay oʻrganib olmoq. Can you pick me up at six? She picked up Italian while living in Rome.
• pick something out: tanlamoq. Help me pick out a gift for my brother.
• pick on someone: kimgadir qayta-qayta tegajoqlik qilmoq. Stop picking on your little sister.
• find something out: maʼlumotni bilib olmoq. I need to find out when the store opens.
• figure something out: tushunmoq yoki hal qilmoq. I can't figure out how this app works.
• work out: sport bilan shugʻullanmoq yoki yaxshi hal boʻlmoq. I work out three times a week. Don't worry, it will all work out.
• work something out: hisoblab chiqmoq yoki hal qilmoq. We need to work out the total cost of the trip.
• work on something: biror narsani yaxshilash ustida ishlamoq. I'm working on my pronunciation.

call va hang bilan frazeologik feʼllar

• call something off: bekor qilmoq. They called off the match because of the rain.
• call someone back: kimgadir qayta qoʻngʻiroq qilmoq. I'm busy now. Can I call you back?
• call on someone: kimdandir gapirishni soʻramoq yoki qisqa kirib oʻtmoq. The teacher called on me to answer.
• hang up: telefonni qoʻyib qoʻymoq, qoʻngʻiroqni tugatmoq. She was so angry that she hung up on me.
• hang out: boʻsh vaqtni dam olib oʻtkazmoq. We usually hang out at the park after school.
• hang on: biroz kutib turmoq. Hang on, I'll be ready in a minute.

Boshqa kundalik frazeologik feʼllar

• blow up: portlamoq yoki birdan jahli chiqmoq. The old building was blown up to make space for a park.
• calm down: tinchlanmoq. Calm down and tell me what happened.
• carry on: davom etmoq. Sorry for interrupting, please carry on.
• catch up with someone: oldindagiga yetib olmoq yoki uzoq vaqtdan keyin gaplashib olmoq. Let's meet for coffee and catch up.
• check in: mehmonxona yoki aeroportda roʻyxatdan oʻtmoq. We checked in at the hotel at 3 p.m.
• check out: pulni toʻlab mehmonxonadan chiqmoq. We have to check out by noon.
• cheer someone up: kimningdir koʻnglini koʻtarmoq. A phone call from my friend cheered me up.
• count on someone: kimgadir tayanmoq, ishonmoq. You can always count on me.
• cut down on something: miqdorini kamaytirmoq. I'm trying to cut down on sugar.
• do someone in: (soʻzlashuvda) juda charchatmoq, holdan toydirmoq. That long hike really did me in.
• do something over: boshidan qayta qilmoq. The photo was blurry, so we had to do it over.
• do without something: biror narsasiz kun koʻrmoq. I can't do without my morning coffee.
• drop by: rejasiz qisqa kirib oʻtmoq. Drop by any time you're in the area.
• drop someone off: kimnidir mashinada biror joyga olib borib qoldirmoq. I'll drop you off at the station.
• end up: oxir-oqibat biror joy yoki holatga tushib qolmoq. We got lost and ended up in a tiny village.
• enter into something: rasman kelishuv yoki muzokarani boshlamoq. The two companies entered into a partnership.
• fall apart: parchalanib ketmoq yoki yaxshi ishlamay qolmoq. My old shoes are falling apart.
• fall behind: ortda qolmoq. I fell behind with my lessons when I was sick.
• fill something in / fill something out: anketani toʻldirmoq. Please fill out this form and sign at the bottom.
• grow up: ulgʻaymoq, katta boʻlmoq. I grew up in a small town by the sea.
• hold on: kutib turmoq yoki mahkam ushlamoq. Hold on, let me check my calendar.
• keep up with someone: bir xil tezlikda yurmoq yoki oʻrganmoq, ortda qolmaslik. It's hard to keep up with native speakers when they talk fast.
• let someone down: kimnidir umidsizlantirmoq. I promised to help, and I won't let you down.
• log in: akkauntingiz bilan saytga yoki ilovaga kirmoq. Log in to see your saved words.
• move on: yangi ishga oʻtmoq yoki oʻtmish haqida oʻylashni toʻxtatmoq. It's time to move on to the next topic.
• pass away: (odobli) vafot etmoq, olamdan oʻtmoq. Her grandfather passed away last year.
• pay someone back: qarzni qaytarmoq. I'll pay you back on Friday.
• point something out: biror narsaga eʼtibor qaratmoq, koʻrsatib oʻtmoq. She pointed out a mistake in my email.
• show off: boshqalarni hayratga solishga urinmoq, maqtanmoq. He's always showing off his new car.
• show up: kelmoq, paydo boʻlmoq. He showed up an hour late.
• sort something out: tartibga solmoq yoki hal qilmoq. We need to sort out the problem with the booking.
• stand for something: biror narsani anglatmoq yoki uning qisqartmasi boʻlmoq. What does "ASAP" stand for?
• stand out: osongina koʻzga tashlanmoq. Her bright red coat stood out in the crowd.
• stand up for someone: himoya qilmoq yoki qoʻllab-quvvatlamoq. Always stand up for what you believe in.
• throw something away: axlatga tashlamoq. Don't throw away the receipt.
• try something on: kiyim toʻgʻri kelish-kelmasligini bilish uchun kiyib koʻrmoq. Can I try on these jeans?
• wake up: uygʻonmoq. I woke up at five because of the storm.
• write something down: qogʻozga yozib olmoq. Write down the new words you hear.

Frazeologik feʼllarni esda qoladigan qilib qanday oʻrganish mumkin?

Kimga mos: bu roʻyxatni haqiqatan ishlata oladigan soʻzlarga aylantirmoqchi boʻlganlarga.

1. Bir vaqtda bir nechtasini oʻrganing. get yoki put kabi bitta feʼl bilan yasalgan besh-oʻnta frazeologik feʼlni tanlang va ularni birga oʻrganing.
2. Ularni doim gap ichida oʻrganing. Yolgʻiz frazeologik feʼl tez unutiladi. Gap ichida uning maʼnosini ham, toʻldiruvchi qayerda turishini ham koʻrasiz. Butun gaplarni oʻrganish, shuningdek, soʻz boyligini oshirishning eng yaxshi usullaridan biri.
3. Yordamchi soʻzga eʼtibor bering. Yordamchi soʻz nima qoʻshayotganini oʻzingizdan soʻrang. «eat up» va «fill up» birikmalaridagi «up» tugallanishni bildiradi, bu esa keyingi «up» li feʼlni osonlashtiradi.
4. Tinglang va takrorlang. Misol gaplarni ovoz chiqarib ayting va yoʻlda tinglang.
5. Oraliq takrorlash bilan takrorlang. Frazeologik feʼllarni adashtirib yuborish oson, shuning uchun ularni unutishingizdan sal oldin, tobora uzayib boradigan oraliqlarda takrorlang. Oraliq takrorlash jadvali haqidagi qoʻllanmamiz buni qanday qilishni koʻrsatadi.
6. Ularni suhbatda ishlating. Har safar inglizcha gaplashganingizda ikki-uchta yangi frazeologik feʼlni ishlatishga harakat qiling.

Agar asosiy soʻz boyligingizni hali shakllantirayotgan boʻlsangiz, eng koʻp ishlatiladigan soʻzlardan boshlang: Ingliz tilida eng koʻp ishlatiladigan 100 ta soʻz. Frazeologik feʼllar aynan shu qisqa, keng tarqalgan soʻzlardan tuziladi.

Lingocard frazeologik feʼllarni oʻrganishga qanday yordam beradi?

Lingocard yuqoridagi maslahatlarni kundalik odatga aylantiradigan bepul soʻz kartochkalari ilovasi. Har bir frazeologik feʼlni kartochkaning old tomoniga, maʼnosi va misol gapini esa orqa tomoniga yozing. Har bir kartochkani ovoz chiqarib oʻqitish mumkin, shunda iborani tabiiy gap ichida eshitasiz, oraliq takrorlash tizimi esa har bir kartochkani toʻgʻri vaqtda qaytaradi. Premium bilan esa shunga oʻxshash butun roʻyxatni bir marta bosish bilan toʻplamga aylantirishingiz ham mumkin.

Yoʻlda Lingocard mobil ilovasidagi audio pleyer kartochkalaringizni ovoz chiqarib oʻqiydi, shunda frazeologik feʼllarni ishga ketayotib takrorlashingiz mumkin. Ingliz tilingiz uchun toʻliq reja kerak boʻlsa, ingliz tilini qanday tez oʻrganish mumkin haqidagi qoʻllanmam kundalik tartibni qanday tuzishni koʻrsatadi, Lingocard platformasida esa tayyor toʻplamlar bilan ingliz tilini onlayn oʻrganishingiz mumkin.