英语短语动词大全：156条释义与例句

短语动词（phrasal verb）就是一个动词加上 up、out、off 这样的小词，合在一起产生新的意思：give up 是“放弃”，look after 是“照顾”。下面按动词分组，整理了156个常用英语短语动词，每个都配有简明的释义和可以直接拿来学的例句。

对很多学习者来说，短语动词是英语里最让人头疼的部分：put 和 up 你都认识，可 put up with 还是看不懂。好消息是，你不需要把它们全部学会。你需要的是常用的那些，放在真实的句子里，并且复习得足够勤，才能真正记住。

什么是短语动词？

短语动词就是一个动词加上一两个小品词（particle），小品词通常是副词或介词，比如 up、down、in、out、on、off、away、back 或 over。这个组合作为一个整体来表达意思，而这个意思往往无法从各个部分猜出来。

比较一下：

• run: 用脚快速移动，跑。
• run into someone: 偶然碰到某人。
• run out of something: 某样东西用完了。

短语动词是非正式的日常英语的典型特征。开会时你可能会说把决定 postpone（推迟），但和朋友聊天时，你会说 put it off。

为什么值得学短语动词？

因为它们在真实的对话、电影和歌曲里无处不在，而且其中一小部分就承担了大部分的工作。

2007年，Dee Gardner 和 Mark Davies 对英国国家语料库（British National Corpus）做了一项研究，共找到518,923处短语动词的用例。其中仅仅20个动词和8个小品词的组合，就占了一半以上。所以下面的列表按动词分组：学会 get、go、come、take、put 等几个动词怎样和小品词搭配，你遇到的大多数短语动词就都能看懂了。

很多短语动词都有好几个意思，但你不必一次全部学会。Mélodie Garnier 和 Norbert Schmitt 在2015年发表的 PHaVE List 收录了150个最常用的短语动词，他们发现，少数几个核心意思就覆盖了每个短语动词75%以上的实际用法。所以先学主要意思，比如下面列出的这些，少见的意思以后再补。

小品词通常是什么意思？

小品词并不是随便搭的。一旦了解了它们的典型含义，很多新的短语动词就更容易猜出来了：

• up: 完成或增加（eat up, fill up, speed up）。
• down: 减少或停止（slow down, calm down, shut down）。
• out: 去除、结束或发现（throw out, run out, find out）。
• off: 分离、离开或取消（take off, set off, call off）。
• on: 继续或开始（carry on, go on, turn on）。
• back: 返回（come back, call back, pay back）。
• over: 重复或复查（think over, go over, do over）。
• away: 离开或去掉（go away, give away, throw away）。

可分还是不可分：宾语放在哪里？

有些短语动词的宾语可以放在动词和小品词中间：turn off the light 和 turn the light off 都可以。这类短语动词叫作可分的。如果宾语是代词，就必须放在中间：要说 turn it off，不能说 turn off it。

另一些短语动词是不可分的：宾语总是放在小品词后面，比如 look after the kids 或 get over a cold。

在下面的列表里，something 或 someone 标出了宾语的位置。如果它在中间（put something off），这个短语动词就是可分的；如果它在末尾（look after someone），动词和小品词就要紧挨在一起。

常用英语短语动词：释义与例句

带 get 的短语动词

• get up: 睡醒后起床。 I get up at seven on weekdays.
• get on: 上（公交车、火车或飞机）。 We got on the train just before the doors closed.
• get off: 下（公交车、火车或飞机）。 Get off at the second stop after the bridge.
• get along with someone: 和某人相处融洽。 I get along with my new neighbors really well.
• get over something: 从疾病或失落中恢复过来。 It took her months to get over the breakup.
• get back: 回来，返回。 When did you get back from your trip?
• get by: 靠有限的钱或知识勉强应付。 My Spanish is basic, but I can get by in shops.
• get away with something: 做了错事却没受到惩罚。 He cheated on the test and got away with it.
• get out of something: 逃避（某项义务或差事）。 She tried to get out of washing the dishes.
• get through something: 熬过或完成一件难事。 Coffee helps me get through Monday mornings.
• get together: 聚会，碰面。 Let's get together for lunch next week.
• get around to something: 终于抽出时间做某事。 I never got around to reading that book.

带 go 的短语动词

• go on: 继续；（事情）发生。 Go on, I'm listening. What's going on here?
• go out: 出去玩；（火或灯）熄灭。 We went out for pizza. The candle went out.
• go back: 回到某个地方。 I'd love to go back to Lisbon one day.
• go up: 上涨，增加。 Rent has gone up again this year.
• go down: 下降，减少。 Prices usually go down after the holidays.
• go over something: 仔细复查或检查。 Let's go over the plan one more time.
• go through something: 经历（困难）；仔细查看。 She went through a hard time last year.
• go ahead: 开始或继续做，常用来表示“请便”。 Can I ask a question? Sure, go ahead.
• go off: （炸弹）爆炸，（闹钟）突然响起；（食物）变质。 My alarm went off at six. The milk has gone off.
• go with something: 和……相配。 Does this tie go with my shirt?
• go without something: 缺少想要或需要的东西也能凑合过去。 We went without internet for a week.

带 come 的短语动词

• come back: 回来。 Come back soon!
• come up: 被提到；（意外地）发生。 Your name came up in the meeting. Something came up, so I'll be late.
• come up with something: 想出（主意或计划）。 She came up with a great name for the café.
• come across something: 偶然发现。 I came across an old photo of my grandparents.
• come on: 快点；加油（催促或鼓励）。 Come on, we'll miss the bus!
• come in: 进来。 Please come in and sit down.
• come out: 出版、发行；（真相）传出来。 Her new album comes out on Friday.
• come over: 到某人家里做客。 Why don't you come over for dinner tonight?
• come down with something: 患上（某种病）。 I think I'm coming down with a cold.
• come along: 跟着一起去。 We're going to the market. Do you want to come along?

带 take 的短语动词

• take off: （飞机）起飞；（事业）迅速走红。 The plane took off on time. Her business really took off.
• take something off: 脱下（衣物）。 Please take your shoes off at the door.
• take something on: 承担（工作或责任）。 I can't take on any more projects this month.
• take up something: 开始从事（某项爱好）；占用（空间或时间）。 He took up yoga last spring. This sofa takes up half the room.
• take over something: 接管，控制。 A bigger company took over the startup.
• take someone out: 请某人出去吃饭或游玩并替他买单。 I took my mom out for her birthday.
• take something back: 把东西退回商店；收回说过的话。 I took the jacket back because it was too small.
• take after someone: 长相或性格像家里的某位长辈。 My son takes after his grandfather. They both love fishing.
• take something in: 理解并记住。 There was too much information to take in at once.
• take something apart: 把东西拆开。 He took the old clock apart to see how it worked.

带 put 的短语动词

• put something on: 穿上；打开（音乐等）。 Put a coat on, it's cold. Can you put some music on?
• put something off: 推迟，拖延。 Don't put off your homework until Sunday night.
• put up with something: 忍受（令人不快的事）。 I can't put up with this noise any longer.
• put something out: 扑灭（火）或掐灭（烟）。 The firefighters put out the fire in ten minutes.
• put something away: 把东西放回原处，收好。 Put your toys away before dinner.
• put something down: 放下；写下。 Put the box down here. Put your name down on the list.
• put something together: 组装。 It took us two hours to put the bookshelf together.
• put someone up: 留某人在家里住。 My cousin put me up for a week in Rome.
• put something back: 放回原位。 Please put the book back on the shelf.
• put someone through: （电话）替某人接通。 Hold on, I'll put you through to the manager.

带 look 的短语动词

• look after someone: 照顾。 My sister looks after our dog when we travel.
• look for something: 寻找。 I'm looking for my keys. Have you seen them?
• look something up: 查找（信息），查（词典）。 If you don't know a word, look it up in the dictionary.
• look forward to something: 期待（将来的事）。 I'm looking forward to the summer holidays.
• look into something: 调查。 The company promised to look into my complaint.
• look out: 小心，当心。 Look out! There's a car coming.
• look something over: 快速查看一遍。 Can you look over my essay before I send it?
• look up to someone: 钦佩，敬重。 Many young players look up to her.
• look down on someone: 看不起。 He looks down on people who don't speak English well.
• look around: 四处看看，参观。 We have an hour to look around the old town.

带 give 的短语动词

• give up: 放弃。 Don't give up, you're almost there.
• give something up: 戒掉（某种习惯）。 My dad gave up smoking ten years ago.
• give in: 拒绝之后终于让步。 The kids kept asking, and I finally gave in.
• give something away: 免费赠送；泄露（秘密）。 They're giving away free samples. Don't give away the ending!
• give something back: 归还。 Give me back my phone, please.
• give something out: 分发给很多人。 The teacher gave out the exam papers.
• give off something: 散发（气味、热量或光）。 These flowers give off a lovely smell in the evening.

带 turn 的短语动词

• turn something on: 打开（机器或灯）。 Turn on the lights, it's getting dark.
• turn something off: 关掉（机器或灯）。 Don't forget to turn off the oven.
• turn something up: 调大（音量或温度）。 Can you turn up the radio? I love this song.
• turn something down: 调小（音量）；拒绝（提议）。 Please turn the TV down. She turned down the job offer.
• turn into something: 变成（另一种东西）。 The small café turned into a popular restaurant.
• turn out: 结果是，最后变得。 The party turned out better than we expected.
• turn around: 转过身。 Turn around and look at the view!
• turn up: 出现，到场（常指意外地）。 Only five people turned up for the meeting.

带 make 的短语动词

• make something up: 编造（故事或借口）。 He made up an excuse for being late.
• make up: 吵架后和好。 They argued, but they made up the next day.
• make up for something: 弥补。 I bought her flowers to make up for forgetting her birthday.
• make something out: 勉强看清、听清或弄懂。 I couldn't make out what he was saying.

带 set 的短语动词

• set something up: 创办，安排。 She set up her own language school last year.
• set off: 出发，动身。 We set off early to avoid the traffic.
• set out to do something: 带着明确的目标着手做某事。 I set out to learn 1,000 words in three months.
• set someone back: 耽误进度；让某人花掉（多少钱）。 The injury set him back two months.

带 bring 的短语动词

• bring someone up: 抚养（孩子）。 She was brought up by her grandparents.
• bring something up: 提起（某个话题）。 Don't bring up politics at dinner.
• bring something back: 带回来；唤起（回忆）。 This song brings back so many memories.
• bring about something: 导致，带来。 The internet brought about huge changes in how we learn.
• bring something in: 引入（新规则或制度）。 The city brought in a new parking rule.
• bring someone down: 让某人情绪低落。 Rainy weather always brings me down.
• bring something along: 随身带上。 Bring along a jacket, it may get cold.

带 break 的短语动词

• break down: （机器）出故障；情绪崩溃。 Our car broke down on the way to the airport.
• break up: 分手。 They broke up after five years together.
• break into something: 闯入，破门而入。 Someone broke into the office last night.
• break out: （战争、火灾）突然爆发；逃脱。 A fire broke out in the kitchen.
• break in: 打断（谈话）；强行闯入建筑。 Sorry to break in, but we need to leave now.
• break something off: 突然中断。 She broke off the conversation and left.

带 run 的短语动词

• run into someone: 偶然碰到。 I ran into my old teacher at the supermarket.
• run out of something: 用完，耗尽。 We've run out of milk.
• run away: 偷偷离开，逃走。 The dog ran away when the door was open.
• run over someone: （车辆）撞倒，碾过。 Be careful, a car almost ran over my cat.
• run something by someone: 把想法说给某人听，征求意见。 Can I run an idea by you?

带 pick、find、figure 和 work 的短语动词

• pick something up: 拿起；接（人）；不费力地学会。 Can you pick me up at six? She picked up Italian while living in Rome.
• pick something out: 挑选。 Help me pick out a gift for my brother.
• pick on someone: 一再找某人的茬，欺负。 Stop picking on your little sister.
• find something out: 查明，得知。 I need to find out when the store opens.
• figure something out: 弄明白，想出解决办法。 I can't figure out how this app works.
• work out: 健身锻炼；（事情）有好结果。 I work out three times a week. Don't worry, it will all work out.
• work something out: 计算出；解决。 We need to work out the total cost of the trip.
• work on something: 花时间改进某事。 I'm working on my pronunciation.

带 call 和 hang 的短语动词

• call something off: 取消。 They called off the match because of the rain.
• call someone back: 给某人回电话。 I'm busy now. Can I call you back?
• call on someone: 点名让某人发言；顺便拜访。 The teacher called on me to answer.
• hang up: 挂断电话。 She was so angry that she hung up on me.
• hang out: 闲逛，一起消磨时间。 We usually hang out at the park after school.
• hang on: 稍等一下。 Hang on, I'll be ready in a minute.

其他日常短语动词

• blow up: 爆炸；突然发火。 The old building was blown up to make space for a park.
• calm down: 平静下来。 Calm down and tell me what happened.
• carry on: 继续。 Sorry for interrupting, please carry on.
• catch up with someone: 赶上某人；久别后叙叙旧。 Let's meet for coffee and catch up.
• check in: （在酒店或机场）办理入住或登机手续。 We checked in at the hotel at 3 p.m.
• check out: 结账退房。 We have to check out by noon.
• cheer someone up: 让某人高兴起来。 A phone call from my friend cheered me up.
• count on someone: 依靠，指望。 You can always count on me.
• cut down on something: 减少（某物的量）。 I'm trying to cut down on sugar.
• do someone in: 让某人累垮（口语）。 That long hike really did me in.
• do something over: 从头再做一遍。 The photo was blurry, so we had to do it over.
• do without something: 没有某物也能应付。 I can't do without my morning coffee.
• drop by: 顺路拜访。 Drop by any time you're in the area.
• drop someone off: 开车把某人送到某地。 I'll drop you off at the station.
• end up: 最终落得，最后到了（某地或某种境地）。 We got lost and ended up in a tiny village.
• enter into something: 正式开始（协议或讨论）。 The two companies entered into a partnership.
• fall apart: 散架；（情况）一团糟。 My old shoes are falling apart.
• fall behind: 落后，跟不上。 I fell behind with my lessons when I was sick.
• fill something in / fill something out: 填写（表格）。 Please fill out this form and sign at the bottom.
• grow up: 长大成人。 I grew up in a small town by the sea.
• hold on: 稍等；抓紧。 Hold on, let me check my calendar.
• keep up with someone: 跟上（某人的速度或进度）。 It's hard to keep up with native speakers when they talk fast.
• let someone down: 让某人失望。 I promised to help, and I won't let you down.
• log in: 登录（网站或应用）。 Log in to see your saved words.
• move on: 开始新的事情；放下过去。 It's time to move on to the next topic.
• pass away: 去世（委婉说法）。 Her grandfather passed away last year.
• pay someone back: 还钱给某人。 I'll pay you back on Friday.
• point something out: 指出。 She pointed out a mistake in my email.
• show off: 炫耀。 He's always showing off his new car.
• show up: 到场，露面。 He showed up an hour late.
• sort something out: 整理；解决。 We need to sort out the problem with the booking.
• stand for something: 代表；是……的缩写。 What does "ASAP" stand for?
• stand out: 显眼，引人注目。 Her bright red coat stood out in the crowd.
• stand up for someone: 维护，支持。 Always stand up for what you believe in.
• throw something away: 扔掉。 Don't throw away the receipt.
• try something on: 试穿。 Can I try on these jeans?
• wake up: 醒来。 I woke up at five because of the storm.
• write something down: 写下来，记下。 Write down the new words you hear.

怎样学短语动词才能记得牢

最适合： 把这份列表变成你真正会用的词汇。

1. 一次只学几个。 挑五到十个同一个动词的短语动词，比如 get 或 put，放在一起学。
2. 一定要在句子里学。 单独一个短语动词很容易忘。放在句子里，你能同时看到它的意思和宾语的位置。学整句也是提高词汇量的最佳方法之一。
3. 留意小品词。 问问自己，小品词给动词加了什么意思。eat up 和 fill up 里的 up 表示完成，明白了这一点，下一个带 up 的短语动词就更好懂了。
4. 听并跟读。 把例句大声读出来，路上也可以听。
5. 用间隔重复来复习。 短语动词很容易混淆，所以要在快忘记之前复习，而且间隔越来越长。我们的间隔重复复习时间表指南会告诉你具体怎么做。
6. 在对话里用起来。 每次说英语时，试着用上两三个新学的短语动词。

如果你还在打基础词汇，就先从最常用的词学起：最常用的100个英语单词（附发音）。短语动词正是由这些简短常用的词组成的。

Lingocard 如何帮你学短语动词

Lingocard 是一款免费单词卡应用，能把上面这些建议变成每天的学习习惯。把每个短语动词写在卡片正面，把释义和例句写在背面。每张卡片都可以朗读，让你在自然的句子里听到这个短语，而间隔重复系统会在合适的时间把每张卡片再推给你。开通高级学习版后，你甚至可以一键把像这样的一整份列表变成一个卡组。

在路上，Lingocard 移动应用里的音频播放器会朗读你的卡片，通勤时也能复习短语动词。如果你想要一份完整的英语学习计划，我写的如何快速学习英语指南会告诉你怎样安排每天的学习，你还可以在 Lingocard 平台上用现成的卡组在线学习英语。