Engleski frazni glagoli: 156 čestih fraznih glagola sa značenjima i primjerima

Frazni glagol je glagol s kratkom riječi poput up, out ili off, koji zajedno stvaraju novo značenje: give up znači „prestati pokušavati“, a look after „brinuti se o nekome“. U nastavku ćete pronaći 156 čestih engleskih fraznih glagola, grupiranih po glagolu, s jednostavnim značenjima i primjerima rečenica iz kojih ćete lako učiti.

Mnogima koji uče engleski frazni glagoli su najzbunjujući dio jezika: znate što znače „put“ i „up“, ali vam „put up with“ i dalje nema smisla. Dobra je vijest da ih ne morate znati sve. Trebaju vam oni najčešći, u stvarnim rečenicama, ponavljani dovoljno često da vam ostanu u pamćenju.

Što je frazni glagol?

Frazni glagol (engl. phrasal verb) je glagol povezan s jednom ili dvije čestice, obično prilozima ili prijedlozima kao što su up, down, in, out, on, off, away, back ili over. Cijela sveza funkcionira kao jedna značenjska cjelina, a njezino značenje često je nemoguće pogoditi iz pojedinih dijelova.

Usporedite:

• run: trčati.
• run into someone: slučajno nekoga sresti.
• run out of something: ostati bez nečega.

Frazni glagoli tipični su za neformalni, svakodnevni engleski. Na sastanku biste za odgodu odluke rekli „postpone“, a s prijateljima jednostavno „put it off“.

Zašto se isplati učiti frazne glagole?

Zato što su posvuda, u stvarnim razgovorima, filmovima i pjesmama, a većinu posla obavlja mala skupina njih.

U istraživanju iz 2007. godine, temeljenom na British National Corpus, Dee Gardner i Mark Davies pronašli su 518.923 pojavnice fraznih glagola. Samo 20 glagola u kombinaciji s 8 čestica činilo je više od polovice njih. Zato je popis u nastavku organiziran po glagolima: naučite kako se get, go, come, take, put i još nekoliko drugih spajaju sa svojim česticama i razumjet ćete većinu fraznih glagola na koje naiđete.

Mnogi frazni glagoli imaju nekoliko značenja, ali ne trebate ih sva odjednom. U svom popisu PHaVE List, koji obuhvaća 150 najčešćih fraznih glagola, Mélodie Garnier i Norbert Schmitt (2015) utvrdili su da mali broj ključnih značenja pokriva više od 75 % stvarne upotrebe svakoga od njih. Zato počnite s glavnim značenjima, poput onih u nastavku, a rjeđa dodajte kasnije.

Što čestice obično znače?

Čestice nisu slučajne. Kad znate njihova tipična značenja, mnoge nove frazne glagole lakše ćete pogoditi:

• up: dovršenje ili povećanje (eat up, fill up, speed up).
• down: smanjenje ili zaustavljanje (slow down, calm down, shut down).
• out: uklanjanje, završetak ili otkriće (throw out, run out, find out).
• off: odvajanje, odlazak ili otkazivanje (take off, set off, call off).
• on: nastavak ili početak (carry on, go on, turn on).
• back: povratak (come back, call back, pay back).
• over: ponavljanje ili pregled (think over, go over, do over).
• away: odlazak ili uklanjanje (go away, give away, throw away).

Odvojivi ili neodvojivi: gdje ide objekt?

Kod nekih fraznih glagola objekt može stajati između glagola i čestice: „turn off the light“ ili „turn the light off“. Takve glagole zovemo odvojivima. Ako je objekt zamjenica, mora stajati u sredini: „turn it off“, nikad „turn off it“.

Drugi frazni glagoli su neodvojivi: objekt uvijek dolazi iza čestice, kao u „look after the kids“ ili „get over a cold“.

U popisu u nastavku something ili someone pokazuje gdje ide objekt. Ako stoji u sredini (put something off), glagol je odvojiv. Ako stoji na kraju (look after someone), glagol i česticu držite zajedno.

Česti engleski frazni glagoli sa značenjima i primjerima

Frazni glagoli s get

• get up: ustati iz kreveta nakon spavanja. I get up at seven on weekdays.
• get on: ući u autobus, vlak ili avion. We got on the train just before the doors closed.
• get off: izaći iz autobusa, vlaka ili aviona. Get off at the second stop after the bridge.
• get along with someone: dobro se slagati s nekim. I get along with my new neighbors really well.
• get over something: oporaviti se od bolesti ili razočaranja. It took her months to get over the breakup.
• get back: vratiti se. When did you get back from your trip?
• get by: snaći se s malo novca ili znanja. My Spanish is basic, but I can get by in shops.
• get away with something: učiniti nešto loše i proći nekažnjeno. He cheated on the test and got away with it.
• get out of something: izvući se od obveze. She tried to get out of washing the dishes.
• get through something: izdržati ili preživjeti nešto teško. Coffee helps me get through Monday mornings.
• get together: naći se, družiti se. Let's get together for lunch next week.
• get around to something: napokon naći vremena za nešto. I never got around to reading that book.

Frazni glagoli s go

• go on: nastaviti, ili događati se. Go on, I'm listening. What's going on here?
• go out: izaći iz kuće radi zabave, ili ugasiti se. We went out for pizza. The candle went out.
• go back: vratiti se na neko mjesto. I'd love to go back to Lisbon one day.
• go up: porasti, povećati se. Rent has gone up again this year.
• go down: pasti, smanjiti se. Prices usually go down after the holidays.
• go over something: proći nešto, pažljivo provjeriti. Let's go over the plan one more time.
• go through something: proći kroz nešto teško, ili nešto temeljito pregledati. She went through a hard time last year.
• go ahead: početi ili nastaviti, često uz dopuštenje. Can I ask a question? Sure, go ahead.
• go off: iznenada eksplodirati ili zazvoniti, ili pokvariti se. My alarm went off at six. The milk has gone off.
• go with something: slagati se s nečim, lijepo pristajati. Does this tie go with my shirt?
• go without something: snaći se bez nečega što želite ili trebate. We went without internet for a week.

Frazni glagoli s come

• come back: vratiti se. Come back soon!
• come up: biti spomenut, ili iznenada iskrsnuti. Your name came up in the meeting. Something came up, so I'll be late.
• come up with something: smisliti ideju ili plan. She came up with a great name for the café.
• come across something: slučajno naići na nešto. I came across an old photo of my grandparents.
• come on: poziv na žurbu, ili ohrabrenje („ajde“). Come on, we'll miss the bus!
• come in: ući, doći unutra. Please come in and sit down.
• come out: izaći, biti objavljen, ili doći na vidjelo. Her new album comes out on Friday.
• come over: svratiti nekome kući. Why don't you come over for dinner tonight?
• come down with something: razboljeti se, pokupiti nešto. I think I'm coming down with a cold.
• come along: poći negdje s nekim. We're going to the market. Do you want to come along?

Frazni glagoli s take

• take off: poletjeti (avion), ili brzo postići uspjeh. The plane took off on time. Her business really took off.
• take something off: skinuti odjeću. Please take your shoes off at the door.
• take something on: preuzeti posao ili odgovornost. I can't take on any more projects this month.
• take up something: započeti hobi, ili zauzimati prostor ili vrijeme. He took up yoga last spring. This sofa takes up half the room.
• take over something: preuzeti kontrolu nad nečim. A bigger company took over the startup.
• take someone out: izvesti nekoga i platiti obrok ili izlet. I took my mom out for her birthday.
• take something back: vratiti nešto u trgovinu, ili povući svoje riječi. I took the jacket back because it was too small.
• take after someone: nalikovati starijem članu obitelji izgledom ili ponašanjem. My son takes after his grandfather. They both love fishing.
• take something in: shvatiti i zapamtiti. There was too much information to take in at once.
• take something apart: rastaviti nešto na dijelove. He took the old clock apart to see how it worked.

Frazni glagoli s put

• put something on: obući nešto, ili uključiti. Put a coat on, it's cold. Can you put some music on?
• put something off: odgoditi za kasnije. Don't put off your homework until Sunday night.
• put up with something: trpjeti nešto neugodno. I can't put up with this noise any longer.
• put something out: ugasiti vatru ili cigaretu. The firefighters put out the fire in ten minutes.
• put something away: spremiti nešto na svoje mjesto. Put your toys away before dinner.
• put something down: spustiti nešto, ili zapisati. Put the box down here. Put your name down on the list.
• put something together: sastaviti, složiti. It took us two hours to put the bookshelf together.
• put someone up: pustiti nekoga da prespava kod vas. My cousin put me up for a week in Rome.
• put something back: vratiti nešto na prvotno mjesto. Please put the book back on the shelf.
• put someone through: spojiti nekoga telefonom. Hold on, I'll put you through to the manager.

Frazni glagoli s look

• look after someone: brinuti se o nekome. My sister looks after our dog when we travel.
• look for something: tražiti nešto. I'm looking for my keys. Have you seen them?
• look something up: potražiti informaciju. If you don't know a word, look it up in the dictionary.
• look forward to something: veseliti se nečemu. I'm looking forward to the summer holidays.
• look into something: istražiti, ispitati stvar. The company promised to look into my complaint.
• look out: paziti. Look out! There's a car coming.
• look something over: na brzinu nešto pregledati. Can you look over my essay before I send it?
• look up to someone: diviti se nekome i poštovati ga. Many young players look up to her.
• look down on someone: gledati na nekoga svisoka. He looks down on people who don't speak English well.
• look around: razgledati, istražiti mjesto. We have an hour to look around the old town.

Frazni glagoli s give

• give up: odustati, prestati pokušavati. Don't give up, you're almost there.
• give something up: ostaviti se loše navike. My dad gave up smoking ten years ago.
• give in: napokon popustiti nakon odbijanja. The kids kept asking, and I finally gave in.
• give something away: pokloniti besplatno, ili odati tajnu. They're giving away free samples. Don't give away the ending!
• give something back: vratiti. Give me back my phone, please.
• give something out: podijeliti nešto većem broju ljudi. The teacher gave out the exam papers.
• give off something: ispuštati miris, toplinu ili svjetlost. These flowers give off a lovely smell in the evening.

Frazni glagoli s turn

• turn something on: uključiti uređaj ili svjetlo. Turn on the lights, it's getting dark.
• turn something off: isključiti uređaj ili svjetlo. Don't forget to turn off the oven.
• turn something up: pojačati zvuk ili grijanje. Can you turn up the radio? I love this song.
• turn something down: utišati zvuk, ili odbiti ponudu. Please turn the TV down. She turned down the job offer.
• turn into something: pretvoriti se u nešto drugo. The small café turned into a popular restaurant.
• turn out: ispasti, završiti na određen način. The party turned out better than we expected.
• turn around: okrenuti se. Turn around and look at the view!
• turn up: pojaviti se, često neočekivano. Only five people turned up for the meeting.

Frazni glagoli s make

• make something up: izmisliti priču ili izgovor. He made up an excuse for being late.
• make up: pomiriti se nakon svađe. They argued, but they made up the next day.
• make up for something: nadoknaditi nešto. I bought her flowers to make up for forgetting her birthday.
• make something out: s mukom razabrati, čuti ili razumjeti. I couldn't make out what he was saying.

Frazni glagoli sa set

• set something up: osnovati ili organizirati nešto. She set up her own language school last year.
• set off: krenuti na put. We set off early to avoid the traffic.
• set out to do something: prionuti na nešto s jasnim ciljem. I set out to learn 1,000 words in three months.
• set someone back: usporiti nečiji napredak, ili koštati. The injury set him back two months.

Frazni glagoli s bring

• bring someone up: odgojiti dijete. She was brought up by her grandparents.
• bring something up: pokrenuti neku temu. Don't bring up politics at dinner.
• bring something back: donijeti nešto natrag, ili podsjetiti. This song brings back so many memories.
• bring about something: prouzročiti, dovesti do nečega. The internet brought about huge changes in how we learn.
• bring something in: uvesti novo pravilo ili sustav. The city brought in a new parking rule.
• bring someone down: rastužiti nekoga. Rainy weather always brings me down.
• bring something along: ponijeti nešto sa sobom. Bring along a jacket, it may get cold.

Frazni glagoli s break

• break down: pokvariti se (stroj), ili emocionalno se slomiti. Our car broke down on the way to the airport.
• break up: prekinuti vezu. They broke up after five years together.
• break into something: provaliti negdje. Someone broke into the office last night.
• break out: iznenada izbiti (rat, požar), ili pobjeći. A fire broke out in the kitchen.
• break in: upasti u riječ, ili provaliti u zgradu. Sorry to break in, but we need to leave now.
• break something off: naglo nešto prekinuti. She broke off the conversation and left.

Frazni glagoli s run

• run into someone: slučajno naletjeti na nekoga. I ran into my old teacher at the supermarket.
• run out of something: ostati bez nečega. We've run out of milk.
• run away: potajno pobjeći s nekog mjesta. The dog ran away when the door was open.
• run over someone: pregaziti nekoga vozilom. Be careful, a car almost ran over my cat.
• run something by someone: iznijeti nekome ideju da čujete njegovo mišljenje. Can I run an idea by you?

Frazni glagoli s pick, find, figure i work

• pick something up: podići, pokupiti, ili naučiti bez truda. Can you pick me up at six? She picked up Italian while living in Rome.
• pick something out: odabrati. Help me pick out a gift for my brother.
• pick on someone: stalno nekoga zadirkivati i gnjaviti. Stop picking on your little sister.
• find something out: saznati informaciju. I need to find out when the store opens.
• figure something out: shvatiti ili riješiti. I can't figure out how this app works.
• work out: vježbati, ili dobro završiti. I work out three times a week. Don't worry, it will all work out.
• work something out: izračunati ili riješiti. We need to work out the total cost of the trip.
• work on something: raditi na nečemu da bude bolje. I'm working on my pronunciation.

Frazni glagoli s call i hang

• call something off: otkazati. They called off the match because of the rain.
• call someone back: nazvati nekoga natrag. I'm busy now. Can I call you back?
• call on someone: prozvati nekoga, ili nakratko posjetiti. The teacher called on me to answer.
• hang up: prekinuti poziv, spustiti slušalicu. She was so angry that she hung up on me.
• hang out: opušteno provoditi slobodno vrijeme. We usually hang out at the park after school.
• hang on: malo pričekati. Hang on, I'll be ready in a minute.

Ostali svakodnevni frazni glagoli

• blow up: eksplodirati, ili naglo se razljutiti. The old building was blown up to make space for a park.
• calm down: smiriti se. Calm down and tell me what happened.
• carry on: nastaviti. Sorry for interrupting, please carry on.
• catch up with someone: sustići nekoga, ili popričati nakon dugo vremena. Let's meet for coffee and catch up.
• check in: prijaviti se u hotelu ili na zračnoj luci. We checked in at the hotel at 3 p.m.
• check out: platiti i odjaviti se iz hotela. We have to check out by noon.
• cheer someone up: razveseliti nekoga. A phone call from my friend cheered me up.
• count on someone: računati na nekoga. You can always count on me.
• cut down on something: smanjiti količinu nečega. I'm trying to cut down on sugar.
• do someone in: potpuno nekoga iscrpiti (kolokvijalno). That long hike really did me in.
• do something over: napraviti nešto ponovno od početka. The photo was blurry, so we had to do it over.
• do without something: snaći se bez nečega. I can't do without my morning coffee.
• drop by: svratiti nakratko bez najave. Drop by any time you're in the area.
• drop someone off: odbaciti nekoga autom negdje. I'll drop you off at the station.
• end up: na kraju završiti negdje ili u nekoj situaciji. We got lost and ended up in a tiny village.
• enter into something: službeno sklopiti sporazum ili započeti razgovore. The two companies entered into a partnership.
• fall apart: raspasti se, ili prestati dobro funkcionirati. My old shoes are falling apart.
• fall behind: zaostajati. I fell behind with my lessons when I was sick.
• fill something in / fill something out: ispuniti obrazac. Please fill out this form and sign at the bottom.
• grow up: odrasti. I grew up in a small town by the sea.
• hold on: pričekati, ili se čvrsto držati. Hold on, let me check my calendar.
• keep up with someone: držati korak s nekim. It's hard to keep up with native speakers when they talk fast.
• let someone down: razočarati nekoga. I promised to help, and I won't let you down.
• log in: prijaviti se na web-stranicu ili u aplikaciju. Log in to see your saved words.
• move on: krenuti dalje s nečim novim, ili ostaviti prošlost iza sebe. It's time to move on to the next topic.
• pass away: umrijeti, preminuti (pristojno). Her grandfather passed away last year.
• pay someone back: vratiti nekome dug. I'll pay you back on Friday.
• point something out: ukazati na nešto. She pointed out a mistake in my email.
• show off: praviti se važan. He's always showing off his new car.
• show up: pojaviti se, doći. He showed up an hour late.
• sort something out: srediti ili riješiti nešto. We need to sort out the problem with the booking.
• stand for something: predstavljati nešto, ili biti kratica za nešto. What does "ASAP" stand for?
• stand out: isticati se. Her bright red coat stood out in the crowd.
• stand up for someone: zauzeti se za nekoga. Always stand up for what you believe in.
• throw something away: baciti nešto u smeće. Don't throw away the receipt.
• try something on: isprobati odjeću. Can I try on these jeans?
• wake up: probuditi se. I woke up at five because of the storm.
• write something down: zapisati nešto na papir. Write down the new words you hear.

Kako naučiti frazne glagole da vam ostanu u pamćenju

Najbolje za: pretvaranje ovog popisa u riječi koje stvarno koristite.

1. Učite ih nekoliko odjednom. Odaberite pet ili deset fraznih glagola s istim glagolom, na primjer get ili put, i učite ih zajedno.
2. Uvijek ih učite u rečenici. Frazni glagol bez rečenice lako se zaboravi. U rečenici vidite njegovo značenje i gdje ide objekt. Učenje cijelih rečenica usput je i jedan od najboljih načina za poboljšanje vokabulara.
3. Obratite pažnju na česticu. Zapitajte se što čestica dodaje. „Up“ u „eat up“ i „fill up“ znači dovršenje, pa će vam sljedeći glagol s „up“ biti lakši.
4. Slušajte i ponavljajte. Izgovarajte primjere rečenica naglas i slušajte ih u pokretu.
5. Ponavljajte s razmacima. Frazne glagole lako je pomiješati, pa ih ponovite baš prije nego što ih zaboravite, u sve duljim razmacima. Kako to učiniti, pokazuje naš vodič za raspored razmaknutog ponavljanja.
6. Koristite ih u razgovoru. Pokušajte upotrijebiti dva ili tri nova frazna glagola svaki put kad govorite engleski.

Ako tek gradite osnovni vokabular, počnite s najčešćim riječima: 100 najčešćih engleskih riječi s izgovorom. Frazni glagoli nastaju upravo od tih kratkih, čestih riječi.

Kako vam Lingocard pomaže naučiti frazne glagole

Lingocard je besplatna aplikacija za kartice koja savjete iznad pretvara u svakodnevnu naviku. Na prednju stranu kartice napišite frazni glagol, a na stražnju njegovo značenje i primjer rečenice. Svaku karticu možete poslušati naglas, pa izraz čujete u prirodnoj rečenici, a sustav razmaknutog ponavljanja vraća vam svaku karticu u pravom trenutku. Uz paket Premium možete čak cijeli popis poput ovoga jednim klikom pretvoriti u špil.

U pokretu vam reproduktor zvuka u mobilnoj aplikaciji Lingocard čita kartice naglas, pa frazne glagole možete ponavljati na putu do posla. A ako želite cjelovit plan za svoj engleski, moj vodič kako brzo naučiti engleski pokazuje kako izgraditi svakodnevnu rutinu, a na platformi Lingocard možete učiti engleski online s gotovim špilovima.