Ano ang Phrasal Verbs sa Ingles? Listahan na may Kahulugan at Halimbawa

Ang phrasal verb ay isang pandiwa na may kasamang maliit na salita gaya ng up, out o off, at magkasama silang bumubuo ng bagong kahulugan: ang give up ay sumuko, at ang look after ay mag-alaga. Narito ang 156 karaniwang phrasal verbs sa Ingles, nakagrupo ayon sa pandiwa, na may simpleng kahulugan at halimbawang pangungusap na mapag-aaralan mo.

Para sa maraming nag-aaral, ang phrasal verbs ang pinakanakalilitong bahagi ng Ingles: alam mo ang ibig sabihin ng "put" at "up", pero hindi mo pa rin makuha ang "put up with". Ang magandang balita, hindi mo kailangang aralin ang lahat. Ang kailangan mo ay ang mga karaniwan, nasa totoong pangungusap, at binabalikan nang madalas para tumatak.

Ano ang phrasal verb?

Ang phrasal verb ay pandiwang may kasamang isa o dalawang particle, kadalasan ay adverb o preposition gaya ng up, down, in, out, on, off, away, back o over. Gumagana ang kombinasyon bilang iisang yunit ng kahulugan, at kadalasan ay imposibleng hulaan ang kahulugang iyon mula sa mga bahagi nito.

Ihambing:

• run: tumakbo.
• run into someone: aksidenteng makasalubong ang isang tao.
• run out of something: maubusan ng isang bagay.

Karaniwan ang phrasal verbs sa impormal at pang-araw-araw na Ingles. Sa isang meeting, maaaring "postpone" ang sabihin mo tungkol sa isang desisyon, pero kapag kasama mo ang mga kaibigan, "put it off" ang gagamitin mo.

Bakit sulit pag-aralan ang phrasal verbs?

Dahil naririnig ang mga ito kahit saan, sa totoong usapan, pelikula at kanta, at dahil iilan lang sa kanila ang gumagawa ng karamihan ng trabaho.

Sa isang pag-aaral noong 2007 gamit ang British National Corpus, nakakita sina Dee Gardner at Mark Davies ng 518,923 paggamit ng phrasal verbs. Ang 20 pandiwa lang na sinamahan ng 8 particle ang bumuo sa mahigit kalahati ng mga ito. Kaya nakaayos ayon sa pandiwa ang listahan sa ibaba: alamin kung paano sumasama ang get, go, come, take, put at ilan pa sa kanilang mga particle, at maiintindihan mo ang karamihan ng phrasal verbs na makakasalubong mo.

Maraming phrasal verbs ang may ilang kahulugan, pero hindi mo kailangang matutunan ang lahat nang sabay-sabay. Sa kanilang PHaVE List ng 150 pinakamadalas na phrasal verbs, natuklasan nina Mélodie Garnier at Norbert Schmitt (2015) na iilang pangunahing kahulugan lang ang sumasaklaw sa mahigit 75% ng aktwal na paggamit ng bawat isa. Kaya magsimula sa mga pangunahing kahulugan, gaya ng nasa ibaba, at idagdag ang mga bihira sa ibang pagkakataon.

Ano ang karaniwang kahulugan ng mga particle?

Hindi basta-basta ang mga particle. Kapag alam mo na ang karaniwang kahulugan nila, mas madali nang hulaan ang maraming bagong phrasal verb:

• up: pagkumpleto o pagdami (eat up, fill up, speed up).
• down: pagbaba o paghinto (slow down, calm down, shut down).
• out: pag-aalis, pagtatapos o pagtuklas (throw out, run out, find out).
• off: paghihiwalay, pag-alis o pagkansela (take off, set off, call off).
• on: pagpapatuloy o pagsisimula (carry on, go on, turn on).
• back: pagbalik (come back, call back, pay back).
• over: pag-uulit o pagrepaso (think over, go over, do over).
• away: paglayo o pag-aalis (go away, give away, throw away).

Separable o inseparable: saan inilalagay ang object?

Sa ilang phrasal verbs, puwedeng ilagay ang object sa pagitan ng pandiwa at ng particle: "turn off the light" o "turn the light off". Tinatawag itong separable. Kung pronoun ang object, dapat itong nasa gitna: "turn it off", hindi kailanman "turn off it".

Ang ibang phrasal verbs ay inseparable: laging nasa hulihan ng particle ang object, gaya ng "look after the kids" o "get over a cold".

Sa listahan sa ibaba, ipinapakita ng something o someone kung saan napupunta ang object. Kung nasa gitna ito (put something off), separable ang pandiwa. Kung nasa dulo (look after someone), panatilihing magkasama ang pandiwa at ang particle.

Mga karaniwang phrasal verbs sa Ingles na may kahulugan at halimbawa

Phrasal verbs na may get

• get up: bumangon mula sa kama pagkagising. I get up at seven on weekdays.
• get on: sumakay sa bus, tren o eroplano. We got on the train just before the doors closed.
• get off: bumaba sa bus, tren o eroplano. Get off at the second stop after the bridge.
• get along with someone: makasundo ang isang tao. I get along with my new neighbors really well.
• get over something: gumaling sa sakit o makabangon mula sa pagkabigo. It took her months to get over the breakup.
• get back: bumalik, umuwi. When did you get back from your trip?
• get by: makaraos kahit kaunti ang pera o kaalaman. My Spanish is basic, but I can get by in shops.
• get away with something: makalusot sa maling ginawa nang hindi napaparusahan. He cheated on the test and got away with it.
• get out of something: makaiwas sa isang tungkulin. She tried to get out of washing the dishes.
• get through something: matapos o malampasan ang isang mahirap na bagay. Coffee helps me get through Monday mornings.
• get together: magkita-kita, magtipon. Let's get together for lunch next week.
• get around to something: sa wakas ay makahanap ng oras para gawin ang isang bagay. I never got around to reading that book.

Phrasal verbs na may go

• go on: magpatuloy; mangyari. Go on, I'm listening. What's going on here?
• go out: lumabas para maglibang; mamatay (ang apoy o ilaw). We went out for pizza. The candle went out.
• go back: bumalik sa isang lugar. I'd love to go back to Lisbon one day.
• go up: tumaas, dumami. Rent has gone up again this year.
• go down: bumaba, umunti. Prices usually go down after the holidays.
• go over something: suriing mabuti, balikan. Let's go over the plan one more time.
• go through something: dumaan sa isang mahirap na karanasan; halughugin. She went through a hard time last year.
• go ahead: magsimula o magpatuloy, kadalasan bilang pagpayag. Can I ask a question? Sure, go ahead.
• go off: sumabog o biglang tumunog; mapanis. My alarm went off at six. The milk has gone off.
• go with something: bumagay, tumugma. Does this tie go with my shirt?
• go without something: makaraos nang wala ang isang bagay na gusto o kailangan. We went without internet for a week.

Phrasal verbs na may come

• come back: bumalik. Come back soon!
• come up: mabanggit; biglang mangyari. Your name came up in the meeting. Something came up, so I'll be late.
• come up with something: makaisip ng ideya o plano. She came up with a great name for the café.
• come across something: aksidenteng makita. I came across an old photo of my grandparents.
• come on: bilisan; sige, kaya mo iyan (pampalakas-loob). Come on, we'll miss the bus!
• come in: pumasok. Please come in and sit down.
• come out: mailathala o mailabas; mabunyag. Her new album comes out on Friday.
• come over: dumalaw sa bahay ng isang tao. Why don't you come over for dinner tonight?
• come down with something: dapuan ng sakit. I think I'm coming down with a cold.
• come along: sumama. We're going to the market. Do you want to come along?

Phrasal verbs na may take

• take off: lumipad (eroplano); biglang sumikat o umunlad. The plane took off on time. Her business really took off.
• take something off: hubarin ang damit, sapatos at iba pa. Please take your shoes off at the door.
• take something on: tanggapin ang isang trabaho o responsibilidad. I can't take on any more projects this month.
• take up something: magsimula ng libangan; kumain ng espasyo o oras. He took up yoga last spring. This sofa takes up half the room.
• take over something: kunin ang kontrol, pamahalaan. A bigger company took over the startup.
• take someone out: ilabas ang isang tao at ilibre sa kain o pasyal. I took my mom out for her birthday.
• take something back: ibalik sa tindahan ang binili; bawiin ang sinabi. I took the jacket back because it was too small.
• take after someone: magmana ng itsura o ugali sa nakatatandang kapamilya. My son takes after his grandfather. They both love fishing.
• take something in: maintindihan at matandaan. There was too much information to take in at once.
• take something apart: kalasin, baklasin. He took the old clock apart to see how it worked.

Phrasal verbs na may put

• put something on: isuot; buksan o patugtugin. Put a coat on, it's cold. Can you put some music on?
• put something off: ipagpaliban. Don't put off your homework until Sunday night.
• put up with something: pagtiisan ang isang bagay na hindi kanais-nais. I can't put up with this noise any longer.
• put something out: patayin ang apoy o sigarilyo. The firefighters put out the fire in ten minutes.
• put something away: iligpit, ibalik sa lalagyan. Put your toys away before dinner.
• put something down: ilapag; isulat. Put the box down here. Put your name down on the list.
• put something together: buuin, i-assemble. It took us two hours to put the bookshelf together.
• put someone up: patuluyin ang isang tao sa iyong bahay. My cousin put me up for a week in Rome.
• put something back: ibalik sa dating lugar. Please put the book back on the shelf.
• put someone through: ikonekta sa telepono. Hold on, I'll put you through to the manager.

Phrasal verbs na may look

• look after someone: alagaan. My sister looks after our dog when we travel.
• look for something: hanapin. I'm looking for my keys. Have you seen them?
• look something up: hanapin ang impormasyon, halimbawa sa diksyunaryo. If you don't know a word, look it up in the dictionary.
• look forward to something: masabik sa isang bagay na darating. I'm looking forward to the summer holidays.
• look into something: imbestigahan, siyasatin. The company promised to look into my complaint.
• look out: mag-ingat. Look out! There's a car coming.
• look something over: mabilis na suriin. Can you look over my essay before I send it?
• look up to someone: hangaan at igalang. Many young players look up to her.
• look down on someone: maliitin ang isang tao. He looks down on people who don't speak English well.
• look around: maglibot, tumingin-tingin. We have an hour to look around the old town.

Phrasal verbs na may give

• give up: sumuko. Don't give up, you're almost there.
• give something up: itigil ang isang bisyo o nakasanayan. My dad gave up smoking ten years ago.
• give in: pumayag din sa wakas matapos tumanggi. The kids kept asking, and I finally gave in.
• give something away: ipamigay nang libre; ibunyag ang sikreto. They're giving away free samples. Don't give away the ending!
• give something back: ibalik. Give me back my phone, please.
• give something out: ipamahagi sa maraming tao. The teacher gave out the exam papers.
• give off something: maglabas ng amoy, init o liwanag. These flowers give off a lovely smell in the evening.

Phrasal verbs na may turn

• turn something on: buksan ang makina o ilaw. Turn on the lights, it's getting dark.
• turn something off: patayin ang makina o ilaw. Don't forget to turn off the oven.
• turn something up: lakasan ang volume o init. Can you turn up the radio? I love this song.
• turn something down: hinaan ang volume; tanggihan ang alok. Please turn the TV down. She turned down the job offer.
• turn into something: maging ibang bagay. The small café turned into a popular restaurant.
• turn out: lumabas na ganoon ang resulta. The party turned out better than we expected.
• turn around: lumingon, humarap sa kabilang direksyon. Turn around and look at the view!
• turn up: dumating o sumulpot, kadalasan nang hindi inaasahan. Only five people turned up for the meeting.

Phrasal verbs na may make

• make something up: mag-imbento ng kuwento o palusot. He made up an excuse for being late.
• make up: magbati matapos mag-away. They argued, but they made up the next day.
• make up for something: bumawi. I bought her flowers to make up for forgetting her birthday.
• make something out: maaninag, marinig o maintindihan nang may hirap. I couldn't make out what he was saying.

Phrasal verbs na may set

• set something up: magtayo o mag-ayos ng isang bagay. She set up her own language school last year.
• set off: umalis para bumiyahe. We set off early to avoid the traffic.
• set out to do something: magsimula nang may malinaw na layunin. I set out to learn 1,000 words in three months.
• set someone back: makaantala sa pag-usad; magpagastos. The injury set him back two months.

Phrasal verbs na may bring

• bring someone up: palakihin ang isang bata. She was brought up by her grandparents.
• bring something up: banggitin ang isang paksa. Don't bring up politics at dinner.
• bring something back: iuwi o ibalik; magpaalala ng nakaraan. This song brings back so many memories.
• bring about something: magdulot, maging sanhi. The internet brought about huge changes in how we learn.
• bring something in: magpatupad ng bagong patakaran o sistema. The city brought in a new parking rule.
• bring someone down: magpalungkot sa isang tao. Rainy weather always brings me down.
• bring something along: magdala. Bring along a jacket, it may get cold.

Phrasal verbs na may break

• break down: masira (makina); hindi makapagpigil ng damdamin. Our car broke down on the way to the airport.
• break up: maghiwalay. They broke up after five years together.
• break into something: manloob, pumasok nang sapilitan. Someone broke into the office last night.
• break out: biglang sumiklab (digmaan, sunog); tumakas. A fire broke out in the kitchen.
• break in: sumabat; pumasok sa gusali nang sapilitan. Sorry to break in, but we need to leave now.
• break something off: biglang itigil. She broke off the conversation and left.

Phrasal verbs na may run

• run into someone: aksidenteng makasalubong. I ran into my old teacher at the supermarket.
• run out of something: maubusan. We've run out of milk.
• run away: tumakas, umalis nang palihim. The dog ran away when the door was open.
• run over someone: sagasaan. Be careful, a car almost ran over my cat.
• run something by someone: ikuwento ang isang ideya para hingin ang opinyon ng iba. Can I run an idea by you?

Phrasal verbs na may pick, find, figure at work

• pick something up: buhatin, sunduin; matutunan nang walang kahirap-hirap. Can you pick me up at six? She picked up Italian while living in Rome.
• pick something out: pumili. Help me pick out a gift for my brother.
• pick on someone: paulit-ulit na apihin o asarin. Stop picking on your little sister.
• find something out: alamin, malaman. I need to find out when the store opens.
• figure something out: maintindihan o malutas. I can't figure out how this app works.
• work out: mag-ehersisyo; mauwi sa maganda. I work out three times a week. Don't worry, it will all work out.
• work something out: kuwentahin; lutasin. We need to work out the total cost of the trip.
• work on something: pagtrabahuhan, pagbutihin. I'm working on my pronunciation.

Phrasal verbs na may call at hang

• call something off: kanselahin. They called off the match because of the rain.
• call someone back: tawagan ulit. I'm busy now. Can I call you back?
• call on someone: tawagin para magsalita; bumisita saglit. The teacher called on me to answer.
• hang up: ibaba ang telepono. She was so angry that she hung up on me.
• hang out: tumambay. We usually hang out at the park after school.
• hang on: maghintay saglit. Hang on, I'll be ready in a minute.

Iba pang pang-araw-araw na phrasal verbs

• blow up: sumabog; biglang magalit. The old building was blown up to make space for a park.
• calm down: kumalma. Calm down and tell me what happened.
• carry on: magpatuloy. Sorry for interrupting, please carry on.
• catch up with someone: humabol; magkamustahan matapos ang matagal na panahon. Let's meet for coffee and catch up.
• check in: mag-check in sa hotel o airport. We checked in at the hotel at 3 p.m.
• check out: magbayad at umalis sa hotel. We have to check out by noon.
• cheer someone up: pasayahin ang isang tao. A phone call from my friend cheered me up.
• count on someone: umasa sa isang tao. You can always count on me.
• cut down on something: bawasan. I'm trying to cut down on sugar.
• do someone in: pagurin nang husto (impormal). That long hike really did me in.
• do something over: ulitin mula sa simula. The photo was blurry, so we had to do it over.
• do without something: makaraos nang wala ang isang bagay. I can't do without my morning coffee.
• drop by: dumaan saglit nang walang plano. Drop by any time you're in the area.
• drop someone off: ihatid ang isang tao sakay ng kotse. I'll drop you off at the station.
• end up: mauwi sa isang lugar o sitwasyon. We got lost and ended up in a tiny village.
• enter into something: pormal na pumasok sa kasunduan o usapan. The two companies entered into a partnership.
• fall apart: magkawatak-watak; hindi na gumana nang maayos. My old shoes are falling apart.
• fall behind: mahuli, mapag-iwanan. I fell behind with my lessons when I was sick.
• fill something in / fill something out: sagutan ang isang form. Please fill out this form and sign at the bottom.
• grow up: lumaki, magbinata o magdalaga. I grew up in a small town by the sea.
• hold on: maghintay; kumapit nang mahigpit. Hold on, let me check my calendar.
• keep up with someone: makasabay. It's hard to keep up with native speakers when they talk fast.
• let someone down: biguin ang isang tao. I promised to help, and I won't let you down.
• log in: mag-log in sa website o app. Log in to see your saved words.
• move on: magsimula ng bago; kalimutan na ang nakaraan. It's time to move on to the next topic.
• pass away: pumanaw (magalang na salita). Her grandfather passed away last year.
• pay someone back: bayaran ang utang. I'll pay you back on Friday.
• point something out: ituro, ipansin. She pointed out a mistake in my email.
• show off: magyabang. He's always showing off his new car.
• show up: dumating, sumipot. He showed up an hour late.
• sort something out: ayusin; lutasin. We need to sort out the problem with the booking.
• stand for something: kumatawan; pinaikling anyo ng isang bagay. What does "ASAP" stand for?
• stand out: mapansin agad, mangibabaw. Her bright red coat stood out in the crowd.
• stand up for someone: ipagtanggol, suportahan. Always stand up for what you believe in.
• throw something away: itapon. Don't throw away the receipt.
• try something on: isukat. Can I try on these jeans?
• wake up: gumising. I woke up at five because of the storm.
• write something down: isulat. Write down the new words you hear.

Paano matutunan ang phrasal verbs para tumatak

Pinakamainam para sa: paggawa sa listahang ito na mga salitang talagang magagamit mo.

1. Pag-aralan ang ilan lang sa bawat pagkakataon. Pumili ng lima hanggang sampung phrasal verbs na may parehong pandiwa, gaya ng get o put, at pag-aralan ang mga ito nang sabay.
2. Laging pag-aralan sa loob ng pangungusap. Madaling makalimutan ang phrasal verb kapag mag-isa ito. Sa pangungusap, nakikita mo ang kahulugan nito at kung saan napupunta ang object. Ang pag-aaral ng buong pangungusap ay isa rin sa mga pinakamahusay na paraan para mapabuti ang iyong bokabularyo.
3. Pansinin ang particle. Tanungin ang sarili kung ano ang idinadagdag ng particle. Ang "up" sa "eat up" at "fill up" ay nangangahulugang pagkumpleto, kaya mas madali na ang susunod na pandiwang may "up".
4. Makinig at ulitin. Bigkasin nang malakas ang mga halimbawang pangungusap, at pakinggan ang mga ito habang nasa biyahe.
5. Balikan gamit ang spaced repetition. Madaling mapagpalit ang phrasal verbs, kaya balikan ang mga ito bago mo makalimutan, sa palaki nang palaking pagitan. Ipinapakita ng aming gabay sa iskedyul ng spaced repetition kung paano.
6. Gamitin sa usapan. Subukang gumamit ng dalawa o tatlong bagong phrasal verbs tuwing magsasalita ka ng Ingles.

Kung binubuo mo pa ang iyong batayang bokabularyo, magsimula muna sa mga pinakamadalas na salita: Ang 100 pinakakaraniwang salita sa wikang Ingles. Mula mismo sa maiikli at karaniwang salitang ito nabubuo ang phrasal verbs.

Paano ka tinutulungan ng Lingocard na matuto ng phrasal verbs

Ang Lingocard ay isang libreng flashcards app na ginagawang pang-araw-araw na gawi ang mga tip sa itaas. Ilagay ang bawat phrasal verb sa harap ng card, at ang kahulugan at halimbawang pangungusap nito sa likod. Puwedeng basahin nang malakas ang bawat card, kaya naririnig mo ang parirala sa isang natural na pangungusap, at ibinabalik ng spaced repetition na sistema ang bawat card sa tamang oras. Sa Premium Learning, puwede mo pang gawing deck ang isang buong listahang tulad nito sa isang click.

Kapag nasa labas ka, binabasa nang malakas ng audio player sa Lingocard mobile app ang iyong mga card, kaya puwede mong balikan ang phrasal verbs habang nagko-commute. At kung gusto mo ng kumpletong plano para sa iyong Ingles, itinuturo ng gabay ko sa paano mabilis na matuto ng Ingles kung paano bumuo ng pang-araw-araw na routine, at puwede kang matuto ng Ingles online gamit ang mga handang deck sa Lingocard na platform.